ACSM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2022 RATED A+

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ACSM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2022 RATED A+ BIOMECHANICS ✔✔principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body PROXIMAL ✔✔CLOSER TO THE TRUNK DISTAL ✔✔ ... further from the trunk SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) ✔✔above, toward the head INFERIOR (CAUDAL) ✔✔lower than, toward the feet ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) ✔✔toward the front POSTERIOR (DORSAL) ✔✔toward the back MEDIAL ✔✔closer to the midline LATERAL ✔✔further from the midline THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES ✔✔sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane SAGITTAL PLANE ✔✔makes a division into right and left portions FRONTAL PLANE ✔✔makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions TRANSVERSE PLANE ✔✔makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions ROTATION ✔✔movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline CIRCUMDUCTION ✔✔a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction EVERSION ✔✔turning the sole of the foot away from the midline INVERSION ✔✔turning the sole of the foot toward the midline Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... ✔✔AXIAL SKELETON VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) ✔✔serves as the main axial support for the body 4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column ✔✔cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral curve KYPHOSIS "primary curves" ✔✔curves of the thoracic and sacral regions LORDOSIS "secondary curves" ✔✔curves of the cervical and lumbar region Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane ✔✔hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis HYPERKYPHOSIS ✔✔exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature HYPERLORDOSIS ✔✔exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane ✔✔scoliosis STERNUM ✔✔midline of the chest What are the 3 parts of the sternum? ✔✔ [Show More]

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