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EMT Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________. -provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States -unify EMS p... roviders under a single medical director -facilitate a national EMS labor group -reduce expenses at the local and state levels Correct Answer-Provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____. -HIPAA -CQI -APGAR -DCAP Correct Answer-HIPAA Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? -a system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients-a team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients -a vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting -a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured Correct Answer-A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured What is the EMT's primary service area? -the main area in which the EMS agency operates -the area serviced by the EMT's medical director -the location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9-1-1 call -the only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care Correct Answer-the main area in which the EMS agency operates Online medical control requires _____. -written protocols approved by medical control -a physicians presence on the scene of the call -phone or radio contact with the medical director -the presence of an advanced-level provider Correct Answer-phone or radio contact with the medical directorAs an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: -medical director approval -the patient's condition -the transport time to the hospita -an order from a paramedic Correct Answer-medical director approval What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field? -deviate from established standards when necessary -follow the agency's written protocols -carry an EMT text for reference at all times -contact medical direction before initiating any treatments Correct Answer-follow the agency's written protocols Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training? -AEMT -Paramedic -EMT-EMR Correct Answer-EMT The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as __________. -communication -scene leadership -self-confidence -teamwork and diplomacy Correct Answer-communication Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct? -the NREMT is a governmental agency that certifies EMTs -EMS training standards are regulated by the NREMT -the NREMT is the exclusive body for EMTs -the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing Correct Answer-the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing timeconsuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on: -regional trauma guidelines-the lead EMT's decision -local protocols -EMS research Correct Answer-EMS research Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model? -paramedics pick up a patient from an acute care clinic -EMTs respond to a woman who complains of high fever -EMTs assess a patient whose lung disease is "acting up" -the paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination Correct Answer-the paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination Which of the following interventions is used by all levels if EMS providers? -needle decompression -automatic transport ventilators -multilumen airways -automated external defibrillator Correct Answer-automated external defibrillator You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________.-undue hardship -scope of practice -patient advocacy -abuse of authority Correct Answer-patient advocacy The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called __________. -time management -patient empathy -integrity -patient advocacy Correct Answer-time management Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on __________. -the experiences of EMTs -the opinions of physicians -an EMS agency's fiscal resources -EMS research Correct Answer-EMS researchYou are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to _____. -law enforcement personnel -your medical director -the state motor vehicle department -the receiving nurse or doctor Correct Answer-the receiving nurse or doctor The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as __________. -time management -self-motivation -self-confidence -diplomacy Correct Answer-self-motivation Which of the following statements regarding the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? -according to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam -the ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented physical disability-the minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled -the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled Correct Answer-the ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled American Heart Association protocols are based on __________. -opinions from a core group of cardiologists -trends in the EMS community -evidence-based research -theories ready for field trial Correct Answer-evidence-based research Which of the following agencies is the source of the EMT Agenda for the Future, the multidisciplinary national review of all aspects of EMS delivery? -Federal Emergency Management Agency -National Highway Traffic Safety Administration -Department of Health and Human Services -Department of Transportation Correct Answer-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?-providing cervical spine immobilization -administering vaccines -teaching safety in schools -legislating the use of seat belts Correct Answer-providing cervical spine immobilization Which of the following is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care? -continuous quality improvement -licensure -certification -medical control Correct Answer-Certification At what level is an individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications? -EMT -Paramedic -AEMT -EMR Correct Answer-EMTWhat is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? -it enables patients to travel without losing health insurance -it limits the availability if a patient's health care information -it prevents an emergency department from refusing to care for a critically ill patient -it requires insurance companies to justify denying health care Correct Answer-it limits the availability if a patient's health care information Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training? -Department of Transportation (DOT) -National Academy of Sciences -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Correct Answer-Department of Transportation (DOT) Which of the following entities controls the licensure of EMTs? -the federal government -the state in which the EMT practices-community health organizations -the medical director Correct Answer-the state in which the EMT practices Which of the following statements about health care in the United States is true? -health care in the United States is expensive but does not necessarily provide better health outcomes -the United States has low health care costs as compared to other wealthy nations -the average life expectancy in the United States is the highest in the world due to advances in health technologies -the United States spends more money per capita on health care than most other countries, but the level of care is superior Correct Answer-health care in the United States is expensive but does not necessarily provide better health outcomes Public heath examines the health needs of entire populations. In the United States, public health focuses on education and what else? -surveillance -prevention -treatment -evaluation Correct Answer-prevention The reaponsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call is called what?-continuous quality improvement -medical control -primary prevention -quality control Correct Answer-quality control You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should: -maintain eye contact and tell her that there is no need for her to be scared -reassure her that after proper treatment in the hospital, she will regain her speech in time -tell her that you understand why she is scared and that everything will likely be okay -acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her Correct Answeracknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy? -frequently reflecting on troublesome calls -modestly increasing caffeine consumption -developing a social network outside of EMS-requesting overtime to occupy your mind Correct Answer-developing a social network outside of EMS Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct? -the stages of the grieving process may occur similtaneously -the grieving process typically begins with severe depression -bargaining is the most unpleasant stage if the grieving process -it is rare that people will jump back and forth between stages Correct Answer-the stages of the grieving process may occur similtaneously Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via: -inanimate objects -smoke or dust -direct contact -animals or insects Correct Answer-animals or insects Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct? -HIV is transmitted exclusively via blood -HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B-HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field -there is no vaccine against HIV infection Correct Answer-there is no vaccine against HIV infection When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should: -spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with a towel -allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions -use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces -clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water Correct Answer-allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should: -discontinue patient care and seek medical attention -report the incident to your supervisor after the call -immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution -get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible Correct Answer-report the incident to your supervisor after the call The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to: -ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date-undergo an annual physical examination -wash your hands in between patient contacts -undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis Correct Answer-wash your hands in between patient contacts At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should: -remove the lines with a nonconductive object -mark off a danger zone around the downed lines -advise the patients to carefully get out of the car -proceed with normal extrication procedures Correct Answer-mark off a danger zone around the downed lines Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used: -during routine cleaning of the ambulance -when performing endotracheal intubation -whenever you touch nonintact skin -while handling needles or other straps Correct Answer-when performing endotracheal intubationVaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you: -have been infected with hepatitis in the past -received the hepatitis B vaccination -are older than 35 years of age -have a weak immune system Correct Answer-have been infected with hepatitis in the past Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire? -stacked empty barrels -a large cluster of shrubs -a concrete barricade -behind a car door Correct Answer-a concrete barricade Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser: -requests sexual favors in exchange for something else -touches another person without his or her consent -stares at certain parts of another persons's anatomy-makes rude remarks about a person's body parts Correct Answer-requests sexual favors in exchange for something else Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction? -a newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries -an EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia -an EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed -an EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash involving critical injuries and the death of several children Correct Answer-an EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed The EMT's first priority is_____. -personal safety -treatment and transport -rapid response -empathy for all patients Correct Answer-personal safety The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is:-punitive action and the loss of a job -low morale and frequently missed shifts -tension among coworkers and supervisors -substandard or inappropriate patient care Correct Answer-substandard or inappropriate patient care General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? -delayed reaction, alarm response, and physical recovery -immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion, and recovery -reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion -alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery Correct Answer-alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on, the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should: -put on high-visibility safety vests -quickly begin the triage process -report to the incident commander-assist with vehicle stabilization Correct Answer-put on high-visibility safety vests Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: -fear of medical personnel -history of chronic disease -assessment by the EMT -mental disorders Correct Answer-assessment by the EMT While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe? -direct contact -indirect contact -vector-borne transmission -airborne transmission Correct Answer-indirect contact Which of the following should you do when lifting something heavy? -lift using the muscles of your lower back -bend your legs, not your waist-keep the weight at arms's length from your body -wait for assistance Correct Answer-bend your legs, not your waist Which of the following involved the spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another? -bloodborne pathogens -vector-borne transmission -airborne transmission -foodborne transmission Correct Answer-vector-borne transmission Recently you started noticing that a coworker is disinterested in his work. He has started coming in late and has taken to sitting alone and not socializing with other members of the team. The job has been stressful lately. Call volume has increased and you rarely have any downtime between calls. What is your coworker most likely experiencing? -delayed stress reaction -posttraumatic stress disorder -cumulatuve stress reaction -acute stress reaction Correct Answer-cumulatuve stress reaction What blocks the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to body tissues?-smoke -carbon monoxide -carbon dioxide -cyanide Correct Answer-carbon monoxide While treating a patient with a high fever and cough, you accudentally expose yourself to illness. What should you do? -do not report it but perform self-monitoring to be sure you are not infected -report it to the hospital staff so they can isolate the patient -ignore it. the risk of contamination is small -report it to the infection control officer Correct Answer-report it to the infection control officer What was the focus of Dr. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's On Death and Dying? -it gave specific guidelines on how to deliver hospice care to critically ill patients -it became the standard for EMS providers when dealing with violent death -it introduced the stages of grief Correct Answer-it introduced the stages of grief What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome?-an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion -acute stress, delayed stress, and cumulative stress -discovering, defusing, and debriefing -denial, bargaining, and acceptance Correct Answer-an alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what? -cover -concealment -infection control -indirect contact Correct Answer-cover You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case? -CDC standards for infection control -ANSI safety standards -OSHA guidelines-DOT Emergency Response Guidebook Correct Answer-DOT Emergency Response Guidebook What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services? -a Voluntary Protection Program -an employee assistance program -an injury and illness prevention program -a critical incident stress management program Correct Answer-an employee assistance program Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? -implied -expressed -formal -informed Correct Answer-expressed You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? -withhold transport until the parents arrive and guve you consent for treatment-transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital -begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital -treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent Correct Answertransport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: -consistently exceed the standard of care -exercise reasonable care and act prudently -function above his or her scope of practice -contact medical control on every EMS call Correct Answer-exercise reasonable care and act prudently You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should: -begin treatment and contact medical control as needed -transport the patient without providing any treatment -honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment -decide on further actiom once the DNR is produced Correct Answer-begin treatment and contact medical control as neededWhere would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor? -driver's license -social security card -insurance card -voter registration card Correct Answer-driver's license Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel? -ensuring access to insurance -controlling insurance costs -protecting patient privacy -preventing insurance fraud Correct Answer-protecting patient privacy In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information? -a police officer requests a copy to place on file -the patient is competent and signs a release form -a media representative inquires about the patient-the family requests a copy for insurance purposes Correct Answer-the patient is competent and signs a release form During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: -are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand -violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved -adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally -acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the case with others Correct Answer-are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand When is forcible restraint permitted? -when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others -only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior -only if consent to restrain is given by a family member -anytime that the EMT feels threatened Correct Answer-when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include:-quickly moving any weapons out of the patient's sight -placing the patient in a private area until the police arrive -making brief notes at the scene and then completing them later -not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons Correct Answer-not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. -public forums with their medical director -an anonymous reporting system -a privacy officer to answer questions -online access to patient records Correct Answer-a privacy officer to answer questions You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should: -initiate resuscitation in the absence of paperwork -confirm the patient's identity and honor the DNR order -confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet-transport with minimal care Correct Answer-confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? -patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation -it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report -EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented -incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMs Correct Answer-it is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? -a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change -a bystander encourages a victim who is not breathing -the EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty -the EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends Correct Answer-a call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? -duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation-abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation -duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation -breach of duty, injury/damages, adandonment, and causation Correct Answer-duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation An an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on: -a consensus among paramedic supervisors -the wishes of the general public -locally accepted protocols -the priorities of the medical director Correct Answer-locally accepted protocols Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct? -expressed consent is valid only if given in writing by a family member -a patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated -all patients older than 18 years can legally refuse treatment or transport -patients who are intoxicated are generally allowed to refuse treatment Correct Answer-a patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the:-EMS supervisor -local health district -medical director -state EMS office Correct Answer-medical director Putrefication is defined as: -profound cyanosis to the trunk and face -blood settling to the lowest point of the body -decomposition of the body's tissues -separation of the torso from the rest of the body Correct Answer-decomposition of the body's tissues You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should: -request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR -stop any active bleeding and advuse dispatch to send a paramedic crew -ventilate the patient for 5 minutes and then stop if there is no response-have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased Correct Answer-have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased Once your ambulance is dispatched to an emergency, you have an obligation to respond. What is this called? -scope of practice -mandatory reporting -breach of duty -duty to act Correct Answer-duty to act You arrive at the scene of a call to find an elderly man complaining of chest pain. You introduce yourself and ask permission to examine him. He nods and extends his arm. Which type of consent is this? -informed consent -expressed consent -mature consent -implied consent Correct Answer-expressed consent While evaluating a noncritical patient in the field, you receive a call from dispatch regarding a serious four-car accident. You inform the patient you are treating to have someone take him to his doctor to get checked out before leaving to attend to the more seriously injured people. This is an example of what? -res iso loquitor-implied consent -defamation -adandonment Correct Answer-adandonment What is the best way to care for your patient once he tells you he does not want to go to the hospital? -ask him to sign a refusal form, releasing you from liability -get the police involved -order him to go to the hospital against his wishes -encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens Correct Answer-encourage him to call 9-1-1 again if his condition worsens The right of a patient to make decisions concerning his or her health is called what? -decision-making capacity -competence -implied consent -patient autonomy Correct Answer-patient autonomyAn obvious sign of death caused by discoloration of the body from pooling of the blood to the lower parts of the body is called what? -a presumptive sign -dependent lividity -rigor mortis -putrefaction Correct Answer-dependent lividity You belong to a small volunteer EMS company and are treating a patient with chest pain, and you feel that the administration of aspirin is indicated. You ask the patient if he is allergic to aspirin and he says no. Shortly after you administer the aspirin, the patient develops signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. Later in the hospital, the doctor advises you that the patient's medical history indicates that the patient has an allergy to aspirin. The patient later sues you. Which of the following is your best defense strategy? -statute of limitations -govenmental immunity -contributory negligence -gross negligence Correct Answer-contributory negligence Which of the following describes a code of conduct that can be defined by society, religion, or a person, affecting character and conscience? -morality-ethics -applied ethics -bioethics Correct Answer-morality Which of the following gives surrogates the right to make decisions for patients regarding their health care in the event that the patient is incapacitated and unable to make such decisions? -advance directive -emergency doctrine -durable power of attorney for health care -do not resuscitate (DNR) order Correct Answer-durable power of attorney for health care You have responded to a vehicle accident call. Initially, the male patient allows you to splint his broken arm and complete a primary assessment. However, he rescinds comsent during transport and demands to be let out of the ambulance. If you refuse, which of the following might you be charged with? -battery -assault -false imprisonment -kidnapping Correct Answer-false imprisonment Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct?-documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment -a patient who comsumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment -advuce given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented -a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport Correct Answer-a mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? -maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance -licensing base stations and assigning approriate radio call signs -monitoring all radio traffic and conducting field spot checks -allocating specific radio frequencies for use by EMS providers Correct Answer-maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques -supervision by advanced life support personnel -English-speaking patients or family members-correct use of complex medical terminology Correct Answer-maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT -gives a radio report to the receiving medical facility -notifies the admitting clerk of the patient's arrival at the hospital -informs dispatch of the patient's arrival at the emergency department -gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse Correct Answer-gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should: -confirm with dispatch that you received the call information -ask the dispatcher to obtain a medica history from the caller -ask the dispatcher if the patient is conscious or unconscious -request that law enforcement secure the scene before you arrive Correct Answer-confirm with dispatch that you received the call information As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: -inform the admissions clerk of the situatiom and then respond at once-respond only after guving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician -leave a copy if the run form with a nurse and then respond to the call -place the patient in a high-visibility area and then respond to the call Correct Answer-respond only after guving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be: -witnessed by a notary -an informed refusal -authorized by a judge -reported to the police Correct Answer-an informed refusal You are caring for a 56-year-old male patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your service has recently switched to an electronic PCR system (ePCR). When completing the ePCR, it is important to be aware that: -a written patient care report will need to be completed on arrival at the hospital -the ePCR does not contain the same level of information as the written version and your verbal report should be expanded -the ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers-the ePCR is relatively unsecured and should not contain patient-specific information Correct Answerthe ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers Which type of comminications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies? -scanner -duplex station -simplex station -mobile repeater Correct Answer-scanner During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT: -screening and assigning a priority to each call based on local protocols -selecting and notifying the correct EMS response units and personnel -coordinating responding EMS units with other public safety personnel -discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives Correct Answer-discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote geographic location, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do? -ask the husband if he wants to continue resuscitation-make continuous attempts to contact medical control -follow locally established protocols or standing orders -perform CPR only and initiate immediate transport Correct Answer-follow locally established protocols or standing orders During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: -ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea -allow him time to think about the question and respond to it -tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions -repeat your question because he probably did not hear you Correct Answer-allow him time to think about the question and respond to it Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? -gunshot wounds -animal bites -cardiac arrest -spousal abuse Correct Answer-cardiac arrestAfter receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care interventiom, you should: -perform the intervention as ordered -confirm the order in your own words -repeat the order to medical control word for word -ask the physician to repeat the order Correct Answer-repeat the order to medical control word for word Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? -it is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field -it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users -it is a designed frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control -it is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user Correct Answer-it is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: -reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about -give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability-attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from the child because this will increase her anxiety -ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother Correct Answer-ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother You are transporting a 54-year-old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? -call the receiving hospital with your cel phone while providing patient care -wait until you arrive at the hospital and then quickly apprise the staff of the situation -have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital -request that a police officer respond to the hospital to apprise the staff of your arrival Correct Answerhave the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation. -libel -negligence -assault -slander Correct Answer-slanderYou are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asain healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should: -advise the child's parents that this is a harmful practice and is considered a form of child abuse in the United States -acknowledge and respect this practice as a cultural belief, but advuse the child's parents that it has no healing power -advise the emergency department physician that you feel as though the child was intentionally abused by his parents -document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you Correct Answer-document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you Which of the following has the weakest transmission signal and, as a result, is LEAST likely to be heard by the party being called? -mobile repeater station -land-base repeater station -hand-held portable radio -multiplex base station Correct Answer-hand-held portable radio As you radio the hospital to give a report on your patient, which of the following should you do?-speak as quickly as possible -provide as much detail as possible -remain objective and impartial -use code words to protect the patient's identity Correct Answer-remain objective and impartial After you submit the electronic PCR for a call, you realize that you accidentally documented the wrong vital signs. What should you do? -say nothing and hope that the error goes unnoticed -leave the record as it is and seek legal advice -notify your agency's information technology department -follow your agency's directions for making an amendment Correct Answer-follow your agency's directions for making an amendment What is therapeutic communication? -anything that dampens or obscures the true meaning of a message -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship -a means by which a patient can efficiently relate levels of pain-the recorded portion of an EMT's patient interaction, either written or electronic, that becomes part of the patient's permanent medical record Correct Answer-verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship Radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is known as what? -cell phone -interoperable communications system -mobile data terminal (MDT) -base station Correct Answer-base station When a person considers his or her own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture, what is this referred to? -ethnicentrism -stereotyping -rapport -cultural imposition Correct Answer-ethnicentrism Encouraging this patient to provide more information about his injury is an example of which therapeutic communication technique? -clarification-facilitation -reflection -interpretation Correct Answer-facilitation Which of the following is included in the narrative section in a PCR? -time the EMS unit was notified -supportable personal opinions -refusal of care -patient name and address Correct Answer-refusal of care If you discover an error as you are writing your PCR, what should you do? -erase the erroneous information and insert the correct information -tell your supervisor about the error -cover the error with correction fluid and initial it -draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct information next to it Correct Answer-draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct information next to itWhat type of mode does an interoperable communications system use? -voice-over-Internet-protocol -duplex -simplex -trunking Correct Answer-voice-over-Internet-protocol What should you do if a patient refuses treatment or transport? -immediately stop patient care -contact medical control -find another person to continue medical care -ask law enforcement to take him into custody Correct Answer-contact medical control Which of the following suffixes mean "two"? -"bi-" and "null-" -"dipl-" and "bi-" -"primi-" and "dipl-" -"primi-" and "bi-" Correct Answer-"dipl-" and "bi-"The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is: -medial -midaxillary -midclavicular -lateral Correct Answer-medial The term "pericardiocentesis" means: -the removal of fluid from around the heart - a surgical opening made in the heart -narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart -surgical repair of the sac around the heart Correct Answer-the removal of fluid from around the heart You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for: -abdominal aortic aneurysm. -acute abdominal assessment.-acute abdominal aneurysm . -against ambulance advice. Correct Answer-abdominal aortic aneurysm After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called: -hematemesis. -hemolysis. -hemiplegia. -hemostasis. Correct Answer-hemostasis Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"? - "-ic" and "-ology" - "-al" and "-ic" - "-al" and "-ology" - "-ology" and "-oma" Correct Answer-"-al" and "-ic" "Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means: - tongue. - bowel. - stomach. - intestine. Correct Answer-stomach An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? - Prone - Supine- Dorsal - Recumbent Correct Answer-prone A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being: - bilateral. - medial. - proximal. - unilateral Correct Answer-bilateral The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes? - "peri-" and "circum-" - "infra-" and "peri-" - "epi-" and "sub-" - "sub-" and "infra-" Correct Answer-"peri-" and "circum-" You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash involving a motorcycle. Upon your arrival, you find a 17- year-old male patient lying face down on the ground. What is the term for the position in which you found the patient? - supine - fowler - prone - recumbent Correct Answer-proneWhat is the root word for pain? - asthen - angi - alges - centesis Correct Answer-alges What term describes when only one lung is expanding with inhalation? - unilateral chest expansion - bilateral chest expansion - hemilateral chest expansion - lateral chest expansion Correct Answer-unilateral chest expansion Your partner makes the following symbol in a PCR: Δ What does this mean? - change - less than - greater than- per Correct Answer-change How would you identify a patient who does not have any apparent allergies? - NA - amb - AK - NKA Correct Answer-NKA What is the medical term for coughing up blood? - hematemesis - hematuria - hemogastritis - hemoptysis Correct Answer-hemoptysis What should you do when trying to define the term dysuria? - begin with the prefix and work forward - begin with the root word, move to the suffix, then to the prefix- begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word - begin with the suffix and work backward Correct Answer-begin with the suffix, move the the prefix, then to the root word In general, which of the following does a prefix describe? - location and intensity - condition - movement - anatomic position Correct Answer-location and intensity What is adduction? - a directional term describing something farther from the trunk - something closer to or on the skin - motion of a limb toward the midline - motion of a limb away from the midline Correct Answer-motion of a limb toward the midline What does asthenia mean? - pain- weakness - paralysis - vomiting Correct Answer-weakness Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: - high levels of oxygen remain in the cells and can cause significant damage. - waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells. - carbon dioxide and other waste can enter the cells, but oxygen cannot. - available blood is shunted off to another venule while still carrying oxygen. Correct Answer-waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells What is the function of platelets? - Transport of oxygen and nutrients - Transport of cellular waste materials - Defense against invading organisms - Initial formation of a blood clot Correct Answer-Initial formation of a blood clot Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?- Hypothalamus - Cerebrum - Cerebellum - Brain stem Correct Answer-cerebellum Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? - Sensory reception - Metabolic coordination - Pressure and pain perception - Temperature regulation Correct Answer-metabolic coordination Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the: - urethra. - ureters. - renal duct. - prostate Correct Answer-uretersBile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: - stomach. - gallbladder. - kidneys. - pancreas. Correct Answer-gallbladder A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: - atrial contraction. - ventricular filling. - ventricular contraction. - ventricular relaxation. Correct Answer-ventricular contraction What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? - The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. - Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease. - The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. - Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. Correct Answer-The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.- parietal - frontal - temporal - occipital Correct Answer-occipital A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: - nitrogen. - oxygen. - lactic acid. - heat. Correct Answer-heat A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? - Hypovolemic - Cardiogenic - Neurogenic - Obstructive Correct Answer-obstructiveIf a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: - expiratory reserve volume is decreased. - inspiratory reserve is increased. - minute volume is decreased. - overall tidal volume is increased. Correct Answer-minute volume is decreased The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: - ATP and glucose. - carbon dioxide and water. - uric acid and nitrogen. - glucose and lactic acid. Correct Answer-carbon dioxide and water The most superior section of the sternum is called the: - angle of Louis. - costal arch. - manubrium.- xiphoid process. Correct Answer-manubrium Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: - the cells function without oxygen. - carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. - the cells function with adequate oxygen. - circulating blood glucose levels fall. Correct Answer-the cells function with adequate oxygen. At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: - 100 beats/min. - 90 beats/min. - 70 beats/min. - 80 beats/min. Correct Answer-100 beats/min Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in: - a strong pulse. - a slower heart rate. - tachycardia.- vasoconstriction. Correct Answer-a slower heart rate The vocal cords are located in the: - oropharynx. - nasopharynx. - larynx. - pharynx. Correct Answer-larynx Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: - assessment. - protocol. - disease. - medication. Correct Answer-disease The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: - vertebral foramen. - foramen ovale.- foramen magnum. - spinous foramen. Correct Answer-foramen magnum The distal aspect of the tibia forms the: - lateral condyle. - Achilles tendon. - lateral malleolus. - medial malleolus. Correct Answer-medial malleolus What is the function of the fallopian tubes? - To connect the ovaries - To transport a mature egg to the uterus - To supply blood to the uterine lining - To produce progesterone and estrogen Correct Answer-To transport a mature egg to the uterus Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? - Skeletal - Reproductive- Endocrine - Nervous Correct Answer-endocrine The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. - costovertebral angle - costal arch - mediastinum - diaphragm Correct Answer-diaphragm Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? - Spleen - Stomach - Cecum - Liver Correct Answer-spleen Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? - Blood vessels- Gastrointestinal tract - Skeletal system - Urinary system Correct Answer-skeletal system The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called: - metatarsals - metacarpals. - carpals. - phalanges. Correct Answer-phalanges The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. - orbit - sphenoid - mastoid - occiput Correct Answer-orbit Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? - Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. - It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells.- It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. - It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells. Correct Answer-Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. The central nervous system is composed of the: - spinal cord and sensory nerves. - brain and sensory nerves. - brain and spinal cord. - motor and sensory nerves. Correct Answer-brain and spinal cord You arrive at the scene of an accident and observe the patient lying face-up on the ground. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing? - transverse - midsagittal - sadgittal - coronal Correct Answer-coronal After opening a patient's airway and confirming spontaneous respirations, you check for a pulse on his neck just lateral to the trachea. What artery are you palpating?- radial - femoral - brachial - carotid Correct Answer-carotid Which of the following substances is the main element that the bone cells use to create a hard and resilient structure? - magnesium - sodium - potassium - calcium Correct Answer-calcium What is the proper name for the cheekbone? - maxilla - mandible - zygoma - sphenoid Correct Answer-zygomaThe elbow is an example of what type of joint? - immovable - ball-and-socket -hinge - saddle Correct Answer-hinge What structure of the brain is responsible for the level of consciousness and maintenance of vital signs? - brain stem - frontal lobe - occipital lobe - limbic system Correct Answer-brain stem Your patient's initial pulse rate was 89 beats/min and now it is 116 beats/min. What part of the nervous system is responsible for this increase? - Somatic - Sympathetic - Parasympathetic-Cerebellum Correct Answer-sympathetic What type of muscle is involved when you hear your stomach growling? - voluntary muscle - skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - cardiac muscle Correct Answer-smooth muscle What do you call the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath? - minute volume - tidal volume - inspiratory reserve volume - residual volume Correct Answer-tidal volume You are treating a patient who has lost a significant amount of blood. Which type of shock is this patient most likely to experience? - septic -hypovolemic- cardiogenic - anaphylactic Correct Answer-hypovolemic At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? - 6 to 8 months - 24 to 36 months - 18 to 24 months - 10 to 18 months Correct Answer-10 to 18 months The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: - atherosclerosis. - hypotension. - medication use. - kidney failure. Correct Answer-atherosclerosis Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: - increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.- increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. - increase in muscle strength and reflexes. - increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. Correct Answer-increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? - An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. - An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. - An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. - By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. Correct Answer-An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. - increased surface area available for air exchange. - decreased residual volume. - a loss of respiratory muscle mass. Correct Answer-increased surface area available for air exchange. An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:- he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. - the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. - the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. - the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. Correct Answer-the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________. - cranial valleys - fontanelles - sutures - ventricles Correct Answer-fontanelles Children of which age group are considered toddlers? - 1-3 years - 3-6 years - Over 6 years - 1 month to 1 year Correct Answer-1-3 yearsThe respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________. - too slow - too fast - too shallow - normal Correct Answer-normal Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? - When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. - When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. - The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. - An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. Correct Answer-The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: - will readily allow you to separate her from her mother.- responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. - is unable to track your movements with her eyes. - has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. Correct Answer-responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. Age-related changes in the renal system result in: - a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. - the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. - a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. - dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. Correct Answer-a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. - dilation of the arteries - the blockage of a coronary artery - constriction of the blood vessels - the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels Correct Answer-the blockage of a coronary arteryWhich of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? - Increased weight - Overall health - Medical conditions - Medications Correct Answer-Increased weight Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? - Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production - Decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels - Increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production - Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels Correct AnswerDecreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: - inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. - avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. - obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents.- recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. Correct Answer-inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: - a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. - most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. - most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. - mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Correct Answer-mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: - 70 and 140 mm Hg. - 80 and 120 mm Hg. - 90 and 140 mm Hg. - 60 and 120 mm Hg. Correct Answer-90 and 140 mm Hg. The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: - blood vessel dilation.- a decrease in neurons. - shrinkage of the brain. - meningeal deterioration. Correct Answer-shrinkage of the brain. Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? - Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up - Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently - Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions - Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance Correct Answer-Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up Why is a neonate's head more "moldable"? - Calcium growth in bones has not yet begun. - Fontanelles have not yet fused to form the skull. - The brain stem is less rigid. - There is more space between the skull and the brain. Correct Answer-Fontanelles have not yet fused to form the skull. Congenital abnormalities are the leading cause of death in which age group?- Toddlers - Adolescents - Older adults - Neonates Correct Answer-Neonates At what stage do vital signs begin to level off within adult ranges? - Neonate - Preschool - School-age - Adolescent Correct Answer-Adolescent Which of the following conditions is an infant most likely to have? -Disk compression in the spinal column - Loss of passive immunity - Airway obstruction - Atherosclerosis Correct Answer-Airway obstructionWhich age group is most likely to suffer from diabetes? - Infants - Adolescents - Middle adults - Older adults Correct Answer-Older adults Which of the following statements is true about the physiology [Show More]

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