BioChem C785 - WGU - Module 4 - all Questions and Answers Verified and Complete

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BioChem C785 - WGU - Module 4 - all Questions and Answers Verified and Complete A 2-year old boy found to have an autosomal recessive glycogen storage disease that prevents him from being able to ... fully metabolize glucose. On examination, he has an enlarged liver and bulky appearing muscles. Biopsy of both the liver and the muscles shoes markedly increased amounts of glycogen compared to normal - What is true? Correct Answer- Since glucose can be partially but not fully metabolized, there is an increased concentration of the intermediate compounds and this causes a shift in enzymatic reactions, favoring the production of glycogen A defect in an enzyme in the citric acid cycle causes the cycle to stop functioning. What are possible consequences? Correct Answer- decreased levels of ATP A defect occurs that prevents pyruvate from converting to lactate under anaerobic conditions - what is a possible consequence? Correct Answer- glycolysis stops because NAD+ levels are too low A molecule that assists an enzyme in driving biochemical reactions is: Correct Answercoenzyme A patient with advanced cancer has not been able to eat a full meal for the past 3 months, and his intake has gradually diminished over the last month such that his entire intake in the prior 3 days consists solely of water. What is most likely? Correct Answer- He is likely to have lost adipose tissue and muscle mass A risk factor associated with use of metformin in the treatment of diabetes is lactic acidosis. Acidosis is associated with a decrease in blood pH, due to an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). Given this change in blood pH, hemoglobin is more likely to release oxygen. Correct Answer- TrueA woman is about to begin her ascent of Mount Everest and is preparing for Day 1 of the climb. Approximately 6 hours before the hike begins, she and her climbing team eat a meal containing 80% complex carbohydrates. What is the physiological benefit of this approach? Correct Answer- improving glycogen stores in the liver and muscle Aerobic respiration requires oxygen. Oxygen has a role in which of the following pathways? Correct Answer- Electron transport chain Carbohydrate loading is a common practice among endurance athletes. Often, 3 days before a big endurance event, they are known to eat large amounts of complex carbohydrates, which leads to the storage of glycogen in their muscles. The stored glycogen increases their endurance by providing a steady supply of glucose during the event by the process of Correct Answerglycogenolysis Catabolism is the breakdown of larger molecules, whereas anabolism is the synthesis of new molecules. Which of these processes result in the generation of ATP? Correct Answercatabolism Cyanide binds to complex IV of the electron transport chain, preventing electron transport. Which of the following would be the most immediate effect of cyanide consumption? Correct Answer- ADP will build up. Protons will not be pumped to the intermembrane space. Oxygen would not be consumed by the ETC. During periods of strenuous exercise the muscle cells can become anaerobic. Without oxygen, the electron transport chain can not continue and the citric acid cycle slows down. In such situations, how do cells make ATP? Correct Answer- Pyruvate is transformed to lactate Emma has an A1C level of 7.0% in her blood. A1C is a form of: Correct Answer- hemoglobin Emma was prescribed metformin which is used to control blood glucose levels. One direct effect of metformin is inhibition of the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver Correct AnswerTrueGlucose is a monosaccharide. It can be used as the raw material to build which molecule? Correct Answer- glycogen Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. Is this a catabolic or anabolic process Correct Answer- catabolic Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules, through what process are these ATP molecules made? Correct Answer- Substrate level phosphorylation If a patient is healthy and has a normal oxygen concentration in her blood, approximately how many ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose that is aerobically metabolized? Correct Answer- 30. 2 ATP are formed in glycolysis via substrate level phosphorylation. 2 ATP are formed in the citric acid cycle via substrate level phosphorylation 26 ATP are formed through oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain for a total of about 30 ATP from one glucose molecule that undergoes aerobic metabolism In an exercising muscle cell under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate from glycolysis is turned into lactate in order to regenerate NAD+ for further rounds of glycolysis, which produces 2 ATP per round for the muscle cell to use. The Cori cycle allows lactate to be turned into glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver at the expense of 6 ATP. This means that, overall, the Cori cycle creates a deficit of 4 ATP. Correct Answer- True In human cells, glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm. The products of the glycolysis will enter the mitochondria to continue with aerobic respiration. Correct Answer- True In the presence of oxygen, the end products of glycolysis have the potential to enter which of the following pathways? Correct Answer- Citric acid cycle Insulin controls both carbohydrates and fat metabolism. What statement describes the effects of insulin? Correct Answer- 1. stimulates the glucose uptake2. inhibits the glycogen breakdown 3. stimulates fatty acid production and storage NADH and FADH2 are two cofactors made in the citric acid cycle. They donate the electrons they gained in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. Correct Answer- True Non-carbohydrate molecules that has the potential to make a glucose mol [Show More]

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