Pediatrics ATI Chapter 2: Physical Assessment Findings Latest 2022 Already Passed

Pediatrics ATI Chapter 2: Physical Assessment Findings Latest 2022 Already Passed What does the Denver II test screen? ✔✔Language, cognition, and fine and gross motor skills What are the expected temperature findings ...

Pediatrics ATI Chapter 2: Physical Assessment Findings Latest 2022 Already Passed What does the Denver II test screen? ✔✔Language, cognition, and fine and gross motor skills What are the expected temperature findings for children by age? ✔✔3-6 months: 99.5 1 year: 99.9 3 years: 99.0 5 years: 98.6 7 years: 98.2 11 years: 98.1 13 years: 97.9 What are the recommended routes for taking temperature by age? ✔✔Infants: axillary or rectal (rectal for a more exact measurement) 3-5 year olds: axillary or tympanic are preferred (can also use oral if cooperative or rectal) 7-13 year olds: oral, axillary, or tympanic What are the expected pulse rates by age? ✔✔Newborn: 80-180bpm 1 week to 3 mo: 80-220bpm 3 mo to 2 years: 70-150bpm 2-10 year olds: 60-110bpm 10+: 50-90bpm What are the expected respirations by age? ✔✔Newborn - 1 year: 30 to 35/min 1-2 years: 25 to 30/min 2-6 years: 21 to 25/min 6-12 years: 19 to 21/min 12+: 16 to 19/min What are expected blood pressures for infants and children? ✔✔Infants: 65-78 / 41-52 1 to 3 year olds: roughly 83-120 / 38-75 6 to 16 year olds: roughly 91-145 / 54-94 *Boys have higher BP averages than girls. When should infants have erect head structure? ✔✔After 4 months What does hair loss or balding spots on infants indicate? ✔✔Child is spending too much time in the same position What is the expected finding of lymph nodes during the physical assessment of a child? ✔✔Lymph nodes should be unpalpable; in children lymph nodes that are small, palpable, nontender, and mobile can also be expected. What are two normal findings of the conjunctiva during a child's physical assessment? ✔✔1. Palpebral (eyelid) is pink 2. Bulbar (membrane that covers eye) is transparent What is the expected finding of the cornea in a physical assessment? ✔✔Clear What is the four expected findings of pupils in a physical assessment? ✔✔1. Round 2. Equal in size 3. Reactive to light 4. Accomodating When do a child's irises manifest their permanent color? ✔✔6-12 months old How is visual acuity tested in infants? ✔✔Hold an object in front of their eyes and see if they can fix on the object. *visual acuity is difficult to test in children younger than 3 How can you test visual acuity of a child who cannot read letters and numbers? ✔✔Use the Tumbling E or HOTV test How is visual acuity assessed in older children? ✔✔Snellen chart or symbol chart What are the expected findings of peripheral visual fields in a child? (Upward, Downward, Nasally, Temporally) ✔✔Upward: 50 degrees Downward: 70 degrees Nasally: 60 degrees Temporally: 90 degrees What are three tests/expected findings of a child's extraocular movements? How might it be different in an infant? ✔✔1. Corneal light reflect: should be symmetric (no strabismus) 2. Cover/uncover test: should have equal movement of the eyes 3. Six cardinal fields of gaze: should be no nystagmus *Infants extraocular movements might not be symmetric How is color vision tested and what are the expected results? ✔✔-Ishihara color test or HardyRand-Rittler test -Child should correctly identify shapes, symbols, and numbers. During an internal eye exam, which 4 features and which reflex should be visible? ✔✔1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Optic discs 4. Maculae *Red reflex (of retina) When do the posterior and anterior fontanels close? ✔✔-Posterior fontanel: closes by 6-8 weeks -Anterior fontanel: closes 12-18 months What is an expected finding in the external ear? ✔✔Cerumen (earwax) How would you position a child's ear to look view the tympanic membrane (for infants and for children older than 3)? ✔✔-For infants and toddlers, pull pinna down and back -For children older than 3, pull pinna up and back What are four expected findings when looking in the internal ear during a child's physical assessment? ✔✔1. Ear canal: pink, fine hair 2. Tympanic membrane: pearly pink or gray 3. Light reflex visible 4. Umbo (tip of malleolus) and manubrium bones visible What is an expected hearing finding in newborns? ✔✔Intact acoustic blink reflexes to sudden sounds What might be on an infants tongue? ✔✔Infants' tongues might have white coatings from milk that can be removed easily How many teeth should children have by the end of their first year? ✔✔6-8 teeth What are "baby" teeth called and how many ar