Ag Crop Physiology Final Exam 2022 with complete
solution
Define a plant hormone -Ans>>a plant hormone is an organic compound that is
synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, and in low
...
Ag Crop Physiology Final Exam 2022 with complete
solution
Define a plant hormone -Ans>>a plant hormone is an organic compound that is
synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, and in low
concentrations it will cause a physiological response
List the three primary groups of secondary metabolites and describe their chemical
difference. -Ans>>-terpenes
-phenolics
-nitrogen- containing compounds
What type of experiment did scientists conduct using Arabidopsis to help identify "floral
identity genes" in flowering plants? -Ans>>They used and ABC model, using petals,
sepals, stamen and carpel. They used mutations and measured the plants using this
model
If the soil is at field capacity(Yp=0) and the root hairs have a Yw= -0.3 and a Yp= 0.2,
what is the Ys? -Ans>>-0.5
If salt water intrusion should occur and the soil is still at field capacity and the Ys of the
soil = -3.0, the Yw of the root hairs becomes -1.1. This is caused by a
________________ pressure potential. -Ans>>lower
This was a direct effect of water moving _____________ the root hair cells. -Ans>>out
of
The process by which this water movement and change in water potential occurred is
called __________? -Ans>>diffusion
This plant growth regulator is a relatively new hormone called ________? -
Ans>>Brassinosteroids
Their effect on plant growth is similar to_____? -Ans>>Auxins
However they may stimulate ______________ production causing lateral root
formation. -Ans>>Ethylene
Although this growth hormone has been found to increase the yield of many crops, the
response depended on the __________ under which the crop was grown. -Ans>>stress
Abscisic acid is translocated in the vascular cambium, primarily in the _________. -
Ans>>phloemDuring water stress the pH of xylem sap ______ favoring dissociated ABA. -
Ans>>increases
This result in redistribution of ABA in the leaf and thus increases ABA reaching the
guard cells stimulating closing of the guard cells by potassium ____________. -
Ans>>effux
ABA inhibits ethylene production promoting root growth when the water potential is
____________. -Ans>>low
_________ is the major site of free cytokinin synthesis. -Ans>>root apical meristem
Cytokinins move from through the xylem into the ___________ -Ans>>shoot
Cytokinins induce cell division in callus cells in the presence of _______________. -
Ans>>Auxin
Cytokinins promote ___________ formation leading to organogenesis in tissue culture. -
Ans>>callus
The rate limiting step for ethylene production is ___________ induced by wounding of
the plant. -Ans>>ACC synthase
____________ inhibits ethylene synthesis by blocking ACC oxidase and used to
prevent ripening of fruits in storage. -Ans>>carbon dioxide
These types of fruit produce ethylene and can be stimulated to ripen by ethylene.
_____________ -Ans>>Climacteric
Ethylene can be used to help _________ fruits such as pineapples. -Ans>>ripen
The most predominant auxin that stimulates elongation and promotes cell division is
__________ -Ans>>indoleacetic acid
A synthetic auxin that is used as a herbicide is called _________ -Ans>>2, 4-D
Most auxins are synthesized from _________ by removal of the amino acid group and
terminal carboxyl group. -Ans>>tryptophan
auxins can be synthesized in __________. -Ans>>shoot meristems
Auxins are primarily transported through the __________. -Ans>>phloem
Meristem identify genes -Ans>>flower initiation
floral organ identity genes -Ans>>control formation of floral organsCadastral genes -Ans>>spatial regulators of floral parts
Rhythemic behaviors in plants are controlled by an endogenous oscillator or clock
mechanism that contains physiological functions such as leaf movement,
photosynthesis and etc. and is called the _________. -Ans>>circadian rhythm
this clock enables organisms to determine the time of day or night at which a particular
molecular or biochemical event occurs or seasonal response such as __________. -
Ans>>photoperiod
The duration of light that elicits a flowering response is called _____________. -
Ans>>critical day length
________ is the primary light receptor molecule. -Ans>>phytochrome
There are _____ forms of this molecule that determines the flowering response. -
Ans>>two
A short day plant flowers only in short days which is _________ than the critical day
length or ________ than the critical night length. -Ans>>shorter, longer
Addition of electrons or H's or removal of O2 -Ans>>reductase
hydrolyze starch -Ans>>amylase
Breaks bonds by the addition of H2O -Ans>>hydrolase
The enzyme polypeptide chain is coiled and twisted and the shape is dependent on the
________- -Ans>>amino acids
The place where the reaction occurs on the enzyme is specific and is called the
_________. -Ans>>active site
The _________ is when the enzyme has an active site that can be altered. -
Ans>>induced-fit hypothesis
Enzymes lower the energy of activation when they combine with a substrate to form the
____ -Ans>>enzyme substrate complex
Mycorrhizae are _____ that colonize roots in a symbiotic relationship. -Ans>>fungi
Mycorrhizae are composed of fine, tubular filaments called _________ which form the
body of the fungus called the mycelum -Ans>>hyphaeThere are two types, ______________ have a thick sheath around the roots and
penetrate between the cortical cells surrounding them in what is called a Hartig net. The
second type, ___________ do not form a sheath around the root but penetrate into the
cells of the cortex and form oval structures called vesicles and branched structures
called arbuscules. -Ans>>ectotrophic; vesicular-arbuscular
During fermentation in plants, pyruvate is converted to _______ which is then converted
to ethanol. ___________ accumulates during glycolysis and is then recycled during
fermentation. Fermentation allows for the liberation of__________ so that it can be used
for Glycolysis and keep the cycle going. -Ans>>acetaidehyde, NADH, NAD+
In CAM plants, when stomata are closed during the day CO2 levels are very ________
in the leaf. PEP carboxylase is ________ in the daylight. Malic acid diffuses out of the
____________ and is decarboxylated. -Ans>>high; inactive; vacuole
Monoterpene esters are found in leaves and flowers of ________________. These
monoterpenes are a very popular botanical insecticide called _______. These
monoterpenes in synthetic form are also produced in synthetic form called _______. -
Ans>>chrysanthemums; pyrethrins; pyrethroids
We are only beginning to understand how Brassinosteroids are metabolized in the plant
but research suggests that they are present in all plant tissue. However, this research
also suggests that each ________ synthesizes and reacts to its own Brassinosteroids.
Brassinosteroids are similar to __________ in that their effect on plant tissue is
dependent upon ______ but they act _________ of auxin. -Ans>>organ; auxin;
concentration; independently
The above diagram indicates that the pH of the well-watered condition is A)_______
and the water stressed condition is B)__________. the form of ABA is C)________
under well watered conditions allowing for redistribution of ABA and D)_______ under
water stressed conditions so that more of it moves to the guard cells and promotes
_______. When ABA reaches the guard cells it has been found to inhibit the inward
___________ and activating the outward _______ so that the water potential is ______
outside thand inside the guard cell. -Ans>>acidic; alkaline;ABAH;ABA-; stomatal
closing; potassium proton pump; potassium channel; more negative
In the electron transport system, a pH gradient is formed as _________ is pumped into
the intermembrane space. -Ans>>H+
One of the key functions of the citric acid cycle is the _________ of NAD+ and FAD+ to
NADH and FADH2 -Ans>>Reduction
Which of the following enzymes use water to break down starch molecules? -Ans>>-
Alpha amylase
-Beta amylaseThe water potential is composed of temp, pressure, matrix, gravity and solute potentials.
What two potentials are considered the most important to water movement within the
plant? -Ans>>solute and pressure
Bulk flow is the movement of water molecules in response to __________ differences. -
Ans>>pressure (moves from a high to a low pressure)
The calvin cycle occurs in which part of the chloroplast? -Ans>>stroma
Which of the following are closely associated with bund
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