Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1
Latest 2022 Already Passed
Microorganism ✔✔Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus ✔✔Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microb
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Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1
Latest 2022 Already Passed
Microorganism ✔✔Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus ✔✔Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes ✔✔Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell ✔✔Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of ✔✔Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells ✔✔Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and
polysaccharides
Proteins ✔✔Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to speed
up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid ✔✔Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein ✔✔has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids ✔✔human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the
environment through other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid ✔✔chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids ✔✔DNA and RNA
DNA ✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible for the
inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA ✔✔ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? ✔✔Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? ✔✔Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide ✔✔Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases ✔✔Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine
(pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? ✔✔Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? ✔✔Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a ✔✔double helix (two strands held together by hydrogen bonding)
Adenine and Thymine ✔✔Complimentary bases, form two hydrogen bonds
Guanine and Cytosine ✔✔Complimentary bases, form three hydrogen bonds
RNA contains the _____ ribose rather than deoxyribose ✔✔Sugar
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