WGU C224 Research Foundations Questions and Answers Already Passed

WGU C224 Research Foundations Questions and Answers Already Passed Research Literature ✔✔the set of published research studies on a particular topic Abstract ✔✔a brief summary of what is included in the article. *pro ...

WGU C224 Research Foundations Questions and Answers Already Passed Research Literature ✔✔the set of published research studies on a particular topic Abstract ✔✔a brief summary of what is included in the article. *provide a concise breakdown of article goals, methods, and tentative results. Understanding ✔✔attempting to learn about and generate ideas about specific and unique phenomena. *important in early stages of research *little previously known *without preconceived notions *"discover" important factors Metacognition ✔✔thinking about thinking 1.assess the task 2.evaluate strengths and weaknesses 3.plan an approach 4. apply strategies and monitor your performance 5. reflect and adjust as needed Repeat the steps as a cycle. Description ✔✔an attempt to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon. *describing a phenomenon? *documenting characteristics of phenomenon? Decriptive Research ✔✔provide an accurate description or picture of the status or characteristics of a situation or phenomenon*deeper level than description 1. randomly selected from defined population 2.determine the sample characteristics 3.infer the characteristics of the population based on the sample Explanation ✔✔researchers attempt to show how and why a phenomenon operates as it does. 1.develop a theory about how and why the phenomenon operates as it does 2.identify the cause and effect relationships explanatory research ✔✔testing hypotheses and theories that explain the functions of a phenomenon in detail *strongest form of explanatory research for providing evidence of cause and effect Prediction ✔✔forecast a phenomenon, wherin there is an association made between two points in a time *can be made from research studies predictive research ✔✔predict the future status of one or more dependent (or criterion) variables on the basis of one or more independent (or predictor) variables influence ✔✔attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur *an objective which refers to the application of research knowledge to control various aspects of the world. 1.make something useful happen 2.checking a demonstration program to see if it works. Integration ✔✔consolidating insights from multiple investigators, theories/perspectives, sets of data, methods in order to understand a given entity of study emic perspective ✔✔*insider's perspective*meanings and views of people being studied *getting inside the heads of group members *ex. local languages, forms of expression, jargon/slang Etic Perspective ✔✔*external, social scientific perspective *perspective of objective researcher *use social scientific concepts, terms and procedures to describe and explain behavior *used to bring research questions from the outside Five types of Educational Research ✔✔1.Basic 2.Evaluation 3. Action 4. Orientational 5. Applied Basic Educational Research ✔✔*focuses on generating fundamental knowledge *aimed at generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding about primary human functions and other natural processes Evaluation Educational Research ✔✔focuses on deciding the worth/quality of intervention programs *determine how well social or educational programs work in real-world settings, as well as any improvement possibilities. *worth, merit, or quality of specific program *Two types: formative and summative Action Educational Research ✔✔*focuses on solving local problems that practitioners face *addressing and solving specific problems which local practitioners confront in their schools and communities, conducting research directly within the classroom or work environmentOrientational Educational Research ✔✔focuses on reducing inequality and giving voice to disadvantaged * focuses on collecting information to aid in advancing a specific ideological, political position or orientation which a researcher believes will improve society. *another focus is "giving voice" to disadvantaged Applied Educational Research ✔✔*focuses on real-world questions and applications *focuses on answering real-world, practical questions in order to provide relatively immediate solutions. Formative Evaluation ✔✔concerned with developing judgments of how a program can be improved and aids developers and staff design and implement programs. Summative Evaluation ✔✔focuses on cultivating judgements of a program's effectiveness and any decisions regarding continuation especially helpful for policymakers to appraise previous future-funding decisions and make future ones. Evaluation Varieties ✔✔1. Needs Assessment 2. Theory Assessment 3. Implementation Assessment 4. Impact Assessment 5. Efficiency Assessment Needs Assessment ✔✔is there a need for this type of program? Theory Assessment ✔✔is this program conceptualized in a way that it should work? Impact Assessment ✔✔did this program have an impact on its intended targets?Efficiency Assessment ✔✔Is this program cost-effective? Implementation Assessment ✔✔Was this program implemented properly and according to the program plan? Common areas of orientational research ✔✔class stratification gender inequality racial and ethnic inequality sexual orientation inequality international inequality disability rights and inequality epistemology ✔✔"theory of knowledge and its justification" *the overall understanding of how knowledge is created or shared* involves studying knowledge itself - including its nature, process of generation, how it is necessary, and the standards that are used to judge its adequacy Sources of Knowledge ✔✔Experience leads to Empiricism. Reasoning leads to Rationalism, Deductive Reasoning, and Inductive Reasoning Empiricism ✔✔idea that all knowledge comes from experience Empirical Statement ✔✔a statement based on an observation, experiment, or experience are capable of being verified or disproved by the same methods of creation Reasoning or Rationalism ✔✔philosophical idea that reason is