MDC 4 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2022

MDC 4 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2022 Hypothermia interventions ✔✔prevent heat loss warm up no booze blankets supine space out meds withhold IV meds until core temp 86 or higher monitor for vfib rewarm ...

MDC 4 FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2022 Hypothermia interventions ✔✔prevent heat loss warm up no booze blankets supine space out meds withhold IV meds until core temp 86 or higher monitor for vfib rewarm trunk Parkinson's 4 cardinal symptoms ✔✔tremor muscle rigidity bradykinesia or askinesia (slow or no movement) postural instability mask like face shuffling gate, drooling Huntington's vs. Parkinson's ✔✔often mistaken for each other, HD has choreiform or jerky movements Parkinson's Physcial assessment ✔✔small handwriting freezing rigidity masked faces difficult chewing/swallowing orthostatic hypotension soft speech urinary incontinence Parkinson's lab tests ✔✔CSF mahave low dopamine MRI or SPECT to rule out other brain conditions Parkinson's drug treatment ✔✔sinement-carbadopa/levadopa (stimulate dopamine receptors) COMT Inhibitor-Entacapone (prolong action of levodopa) MAOIS-rasagiline mesylate (increase dopamine concentration) Dopamine receptor agonists- Bromocriptine mesylate (promote dopamine release) Antiviral-amantadine Parkinson's surgical treatment ✔✔stereotactic pallidotomy- destroy a portion of the globus pallidus, and thereby, decrease patients' muscle rigidity from Parkinson's disease DBS-uses electrical stimulation to modulate these control centers deep to the surface of the brain, improving communication between brain cells. This helps to reduce symptoms such as tremor, slowness, and stiffness. Seizures (Epilepsy) ✔✔seizuer-sudden uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons epilepsy-2 or more seizures Generalized Seizures types ✔✔Tonic-clonic tonic clonic myoclonic atonic partial seizure types ✔✔complex/automatisms simple tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal) ✔✔begins on both sides of the brain, but can start in one side and spread to the whole brain. LOC muscles stiffen jerking movements last 1 to 3 minutes and take longer for a person to recover. Tonic Seizure ✔✔a sudden stiffness or tension in the muscles of the arms, legs or trunk. The stiffness lasts about 20 seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. Tonic seizures that occur while the person is standing may cause them to fall. After the seizure, the person may feel tired or confused Clonic seizures ✔✔repeated jerking movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes with numbness or tingling. If it is a focal (partial) seizure, the person may be aware of what's happening. During a generalized seizure, the person may be unconsciou Myoclonic seizures ✔✔brief shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles. They occur in a variety of epilepsy syndromes that have different characteristics. During a myoclonic seizure, the person is usually awake and able to think clearly. Atonic ✔✔muscles suddenly become limp. Part or all of the body may become limp complex/automatism seizure ✔✔nonpurposeful, stereotyped, and repetitive behaviors that commonly accompany focal impaired awareness seizures (in the semiologic classification, they define automotor seizures). The behavior is inappropriate for the situation. Patients are usually amnestic to their automatisms. Simple seizure ✔✔A simple partial seizure will affect only one area of your brain. It doesn't cause you to lose consciousness Causes of seizures Primary ✔✔idiopathic genetic factors Causes fo seizures secondary ✔✔tumor or trauma metabolic disroders acute alchohol withdrawl electrolyte imbalance fever stroke TBI substances heart disease Seizure Diagnostic testing ✔✔EEG CT/MRI SPECT/PET metabolic labs seizure interventions medications Preventative ✔✔Phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek) (most widely used) • Fosphenytoin (Cerbryx) • Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Tegretol-CR image, Carbatrol) • Oxcarbazepine (Oxtellar, Trileptal) • Lamotrigine (Lamictal) • Valproic acid (Depakote, Depakoke ER, Epival image) • Primidone (Mysoline) • Gabapentin (Neurontin) • Pregabalin (Lyrica) • Levetiracetam (Keppra) • Topiramate (Topamax)