AP World History: Unit 4 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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AP World History: Unit 4 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Trans-Oceanic Trade ✔✔global trading system in the Caribbean and the Americans trade networks extended to all corners of Atlantic Ocean ... Columbian Exchange ✔✔An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa. Mercantilism ✔✔An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought Triangular Trade ✔✔Trading System between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; European purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to colonies, new materials from colonies went to Europe while European finished products were sold in the colonies. Middle Passage ✔✔A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies Caravel ✔✔A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. Joint-stock companies ✔✔businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses East India Companies ✔✔British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions. Protestant Reformation ✔✔A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. Martin Luther ✔✔A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. He led the Protestant Reformation. 95 Theses ✔✔Martin Luther's ideas that he posted on the church door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation Catholic Reformation ✔✔Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline. Jesuits ✔✔Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe. Columbus ✔✔Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) Magellan ✔✔Portuguese explorer who sailed around the Southern end of South America and eventually reached the Philippines, but was killed in a local war there Vasco da Gama ✔✔the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa. Zheng He ✔✔An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. Plantation Economy ✔✔This referred to the inefficient, slave-centered economy of the South where all land was used to grow large amounts of cash crops for export. Indentured servitude ✔✔A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. Encomienda System ✔✔Spaniards received grants of a number of Indians, from whom they could exact "tribute" in the form of gold or labor Hacienda System ✔✔landed estates granted to conquistadors Devshirme ✔✔Christian boys, taken from the Balkan provinces, converted to Islam, and recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government. The boys must passed through a series of examinations to determine their intelligence and capabilities. Jannisaries ✔✔Ottoman empire required non-Islamic families in the Balkans to give up their young boys to be a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard Daimyo ✔✔(in feudal Japan) one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun Peninsulare ✔✔a Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the N [Show More]

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