NURSING > QUESTIONS & ANSWERS > USMLE Step 1 First Aid - Biochemistry 2022 (100% Verified) (All)
USMLE Step 1 First Aid - Biochemistry 2022 (100% Verified)
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Heterochromatin - Condensed, transcriptionally inactive ("H eteroC hromatin = H ighly C
ondensed.")
Euchromatin - Less condensed, transcriptionally active (Eu = true, "truly transcribed")
Purines - A, G 2 Rings ("PUR e A s G old = PUR ines") 
Pyrimidines - C, T, U 1 ring ("CUT the PY (pie): PY rimidines") 
Functional groups of the nucleosides - Guanine has a ketone. Thy mine has a methy l. Deamination
of cytosine makes uracil.
Base differences btw RNA and DNA - Uracil is found in RNA; Thymine in DNA
Base pair bonds - G-C bond (3 H-bonds) is stronger than A-T bond (2 H-bonds). Incr G-C content --<
higher melting temperature.
AA's necessary for purine synthesis - G lycine A spartate G lutamine
Nucleoside - Base + riboseNucleotide - Base + ribose + phosphate; linked by 3'-5' phosphodiester bond.
Purines are made from...? - IMP precursor (see bottom/right) 
Pyrimidines are made from...? - Orotate precursor, with PRPP added later. 
Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis - Ribonucleotides are synthesized first and are converted to
deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleotide reductase. 
ABX and anti-neoplastic drugs that function by interfering w/ nucleotide synthesis (list) -
Hydroxyurea 6-mercaptopurine 5-fluorouracil Methotrexate Trimethoprim
Hydroxyurea - Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. Last updated: 3 years ago
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