AP World History- Unit 2 Latest 2022 Graded A

AP World History- Unit 2 Latest 2022 Graded A Topic 2.1 ✔✔The Silk Roads What group drastically improved the functions conducted on the Silk Road? ✔✔The Mongols How did the Mongols improve the Silk Road? ✔✔They unifi ...

AP World History- Unit 2 Latest 2022 Graded A Topic 2.1 ✔✔The Silk Roads What group drastically improved the functions conducted on the Silk Road? ✔✔The Mongols How did the Mongols improve the Silk Road? ✔✔They unified the entire Silk Road under one rule. They also improved safety by punishing bandits. Examples of Silk Road trading cities ✔✔-Kashgar -Samarkand What new economic innovations changed how merchants bought and sell goods on the Silk Road? ✔✔-Bills of exchange -Banking houses -Use of paper money (flying cash) Why were caravanserai located 100 miles apart? ✔✔100 miles is the distance camels could travel before they needed water Henseatic League ✔✔A group of German merchants and traders who in the 1300's began to join together to form a monopoly on timber. They would travel to the Mediterranean Sea, sell their timber, and bring back Asian luxury goods to Europe. Topic 2.2 ✔✔The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World. Who created the Mongol Empire? ✔✔Genghis Khan (originally called Temujin) siege weapons ✔✔A device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications such as a castle The extended period of peace after the Mongol's conquest was called ✔✔Pax Mongolica What were Genghis Khan's three grandsons who created new khanates under the Mongol name? ✔✔Batu and the Golden Horde (Russia) Hulegu and the Il-khanate (Southwest Asia) Kublai Khan and the Yuan Dynasty (China) Because of the Mongol's conquest of the Golden Horde, Russia separated.... ✔✔its distinction from Europe. Russia essentially became very Asian. The elevated role of Mongolian women can likely be contributed to ✔✔the harsh life of the Gobi desert which required everyone to be skilled on horseback. Additionally, women wore the same clothes. Women could remarry and initiate divorce. How did the Yuan Dynasty alienate traditional Chinese culture? ✔✔-They hired foreigners to run the government -Dismantled civil-service exam -Ignored the scholar gentry Confucians What group organized a rebellion against the Yuans? ✔✔the White Lotus Society How did technology and culture transfer around the Mongol's reign? ✔✔-Islamic medical knowledge to western Europe -Transfer of numbering systems to Europe -Chinese printing press transferred to Europe -Adoption of Uyghur script Topic 2.3 ✔✔Exchange in the Indian Ocean. Explain the causes of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200? ✔✔The trading of luxury goods was encouraged by transportation and commercial technologies, such as the compass, the astrolabe, and maritime innovations like the stern rudder and lateen sails. What goods were traded throughout the Indian Ocean Trade? ✔✔India- mainly fabrics Malaysia, Indonesia- Spice Islands sold cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg Swahili coastal cities- Slaves, ivory, and gold China- silk, porcelain Southwest Asia- figs, dates, horses Explain the effects of the growth of networks of exchange after 1200? ✔✔Merchants set up diasporic communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures. Also, many states shared trading knowledge including Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He. What environmental factor controlled the flow of trade in the Indian Ocean? ✔✔monsoon winds Examples of growth of states during the rise of Indian Ocean Trade ✔✔-City-states of the Swahili Coast -Gujarat -Sultanate of Malacca Examples of diasporic communities during the rise of the Indian Ocean Trade ✔✔-Arab and Persian communities in East Africa -Chinese merchant communities in Southeast Asia -Malay communities in the Indian Ocean basin Topic 2.4 ✔✔Trans-Saharan Trade Routes oases ✔✔Fertile places in deserts where water is found. What technologies helped make trans-Saharan trade successful? ✔✔-Camel saddles -Caravans What belief system spread through trans-Sahara Africa by merchants? ✔✔Islam Timbuktu ✔✔Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and Islamic learning Along with selling gold, how did Mali make money? ✔✔taxing all traded goods entering the city Sundiata ✔✔The founder of Mali empire. He destroyed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes. Mansa Musa ✔✔Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. How did Islam spread in Mali after Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca? ✔✔He established Islamic schools in Timbuktu and built mosques in populartrading cities. What kingdom followed Mali and became even richer? ✔✔Songhai Kingdom Topic 2.5 ✔✔Cultural Consequences of Connectivity Explain the intellectual and cultural effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450? ✔✔Trade networks increased the diffusion of literary (Greek texts), artistic (Islamic architecture like the Qutub Minar), and cultural traditions (new types of Buddhism) Also, scientific and technological innovations spread such as flying cash, camel saddles, dhows, junks, sterns rudders, astrolabes, magnetic compasses, Champa rice, and knowledge of monsoon winds. Neo-Confucianism ✔✔Combination of Confucianism and Buddhism What religions were spread as a result of the Silk Road, trans-Sahran trade, and Indian Ocean trade? ✔✔-New types of Buddhism in Southeast Asia (Theravada, etc.) -Buddhism in Asia -Neo-Confucianism in China, Japan -Spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia What Chinese inventions slowly spread to Europe by means of trade routes and dramatically changed European states? ✔✔Paper, printing press, and gunpowder What famous travelers shared information about trade in the period 1200 to 1500? ✔✔-Ibn Battuta -Margery Kempe -Marco Polo Topic 2.6 ✔✔Environmental Consequences of Connectivity. Explain the environmental effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450? ✔✔There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens, with epidemic diseases, including the bubonic plague, along trade routes. What new crops were spread through trade? ✔✔-Bananas in Africa -New rice varieties in East Asia -Spread of citrus in the Mediterranean Why did Champa Rice help grow China's population? ✔✔Champa Rice is drought resistant, flood resistant, and capable of yielding two crops a year. It also can grow in diverse locations such as terraces and lowlands. What are examples of environmental degradation in the period 1200 to 1450? ✔✔-Increases in population put pressure on resources -Overgrazing outside of Great Zimbabwe -Deforestation, soil erosion in Europe -Little Ice Age decreased agriculture yield As a result from the bubonic plague, workers began to... ✔✔demand for higher wages Topic 2.7 ✔✔Comparison of Economic Exchang Summarize the Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade, and trans-Saharan trade routes ✔✔The Silk Road from China to Southwest Asia spread luxury goods and was revolutionized under the Mongols. The Indian Ocean Trade consisted of monsoon-dependent routes linking Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and areas in Africa. Merchants exchanged goods too heavy to transport on land. The Trans-Saharan trade routes from North Africa to the Mediterranean Basin traded salt from the North with gold from the south.