AP World History - Unit 2 Latest 202
Already Passed
Kashgar ✔✔was an oasis city and major trade hub along the great Silk Road as the northern and
southern Silk Routes crossed here and caravans departed for Central Asi
...
AP World History - Unit 2 Latest 202
Already Passed
Kashgar ✔✔was an oasis city and major trade hub along the great Silk Road as the northern and
southern Silk Routes crossed here and caravans departed for Central Asia, India, Pakistan and
ancient Persia (current Iran.) Kashgar has been under the rule of the Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and
Tibetan empires. Known even today by its large and diverse markets.
Bills of exchange ✔✔a written order without interest which binds one party to pay a fixed sum to
another party at a predetermined date or on demand of the person holding the note. Allowed
merchants to trade without carrying a large amount of coins. Required the existence of two
established networks, one of bankers and another of merchants. Worked in a way similar to modern
checks.
Banking houses ✔✔Was the precursor to the modern bank. Along with innovations such as bills
of exchange, or bank drafts, and credit, the rise of banking houses supported the development of
interregional trade in luxury goods.
Mongols ✔✔After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking
western and eastern Eurasia. Encouraged trade along the Silk Roads which contributed to cultural
diffusion.
Indian Ocean Trade ✔✔The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange
before 1500 C.E., Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and
included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops.
Gujarat ✔✔located in India. prospered from the Indian Ocean trade, exporting cotton textiles and
indigo in return for gold and silver. Gujarat was not simply a commercial center; it was also a
manufacturing center that produced textiles, leather goods, carpets, silk, and other commodities.
Gujarat's overseas trade was dominated by Muslims, but Hindus also benefited.
Swahili city-states ✔✔Trade centers like Kilwa, Mombasa, and Zanziba that gained considerable
wealth in eastern Africa. Their growth was due largely to the increase in trade along the Indian
Ocean Basin. Local traders sold ivory, gold and slaves to Arab trading partners as well as other
exotic goods. They acquired Chinese porcelain, Indian cotton and manufactured ironworks.
Ming Dynasty ✔✔Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially
mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on
internal development within China.
Zheng He ✔✔muslim admiral who was sent of seven voyages by the Ming emperor Yongle.
Expeditions won prestige for the Chinese government and opened up new markets for Chinese
goods. His fleet included 300 ships and crews totally close to 28,000 people. Voyages inspired
some Chinese people to immigrate to the ports that the expedition had visited in Southeast Asia
and elsewhere. Chinese exploration ended when Zhu Gaozhi (Yongle's son and successor) ended
expeditions, discouraged people from sailing aways from China and made it illegal to build a ship
with more than two masts.
Camel Saddle ✔✔An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its
invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route.
Caravans ✔✔groups of traveling merchants. On the Trans-Sahran trade route, the average caravan
was close to 1000 camels with some as large as 5000 camels. The survival of a caravan was
precarious and would rely on careful coordination. Runners would be sent ahead to oases so that
water could be shipped out to the caravan when it was still several days away, as the caravans
could not easily carry enough with them to make the full journey
Trans-Saharan Trade ✔✔While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from
the 8th century until the early 17th century. Merchants from Southwest Asia traveled across the
Sahara on camel. Gold was the most precious commodity traded. Foreign traders came to West
Africa seeking not only gold but also ivory and slaves. Brought considerable wealth to the societies
of West Africa, particularly the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali.
Caravanserai ✔✔was a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey.
Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade
routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, most notably the Silk Road.
Monsoon winds ✔✔The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the
southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. These carried ships on the Indian Ocean
between India and Africa
Gunpowder ✔✔Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance was became the
dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century.
was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it
was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.
Ibn Battuta ✔✔As a Muslim scholar born in Morocco, he widely traveled the medieval world.
Over a period of 30 years, he visited most of the Islamic world and many non-Muslim lands,
including Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and China. Near the end of his life, he dictated
an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the
Marvels of Traveling.
Marco Polo ✔✔Venetian merchant and traveler. At 17, he left Venice with his father and uncle.
They traveled the Silk Road to China where he met the g
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