NP 235 Exam 1 (units 1-3) Graded A

pH - ANSWER 7.35-7.45 high value alkalosis low value acidosis How are the electrodes placed on the patient for a 12 Lead EKG? - ANSWER 12 views of the heart 10 stickers What is a technique used to ensure the el ...

pH - ANSWER 7.35-7.45 high value alkalosis low value acidosis How are the electrodes placed on the patient for a 12 Lead EKG? - ANSWER 12 views of the heart 10 stickers What is a technique used to ensure the electrodes are secured on the patient? - ANSWER Remove hair (trimming) clean the skin to remove any lotions, creams, powders or oils, patient lay supine, quiet Platelets: - ANSWER 150,000-450,000 Thrombocytopenia if <150,000 White Blood Cells: - ANSWER 4.0-11.0 Infection and leukemia if elevated Neutrophils: - ANSWER 50-70% Potassium: - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 irregular heartbeat TP waves calcium is first line drug to treat high value. Phosphorus: - ANSWER 2.4-4.4 magnesium - ANSWER 1.5-2.5 cardiac dysrhythmias ventricular tachycardia Sodium: - ANSWER 135-145 helps regulate BP Creatinine: - ANSWER 0.6-1.2 kidney problems Post prandial blood glucose test: - ANSWER <140 hemoglobin A1c - ANSWER <6 type 2 diabetes aPTT: - ANSWER 30-40 seconds Heparin Where is a specimen collected during a Bone Biopsy? - ANSWER Iliac crest Sternum What are some indications to perform a thoracentesis? What would be some expected findings during your assessment? - ANSWER Change in skin color Coughing and spitting up blood Decreed RR Breath sounds What would be part of your assessment when caring for a patient taking anti-thrombolytic medication? - ANSWER Monitor for bleeding Severe bruising Prolonged nosebleeds Vomiting blood or coughing up blood Severe back pain Difficulty breathing or chest pain. Vitals *MOST AT RISK FOR BLEEDING* What are some risk factors for a patient with Type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER affect major organs in the body retinopathy (eye damage) Neuropathy (nerve damage) Cardiovascular disease Kidney disease What abnormal lab values would indicate a kidney problem? - ANSWER Creatine BUN What are some nursing considerations when caring for a patient taking immunosuppressive medications? - ANSWER Standard precautions PPE Limit visitors Encourage rest Sign on door What is a bronchoscopy? - ANSWER Procedure in which the bronchi are visualized through a fiberoptic tube. Maybe used for diagnostic purposes to obtain biopsy specimens and assess changes resulting from treatments. What are some nursing considerations when caring for a patient who just received a bronchoscopy? - ANSWER NPO Looking for anything abnormal in the lungs Aspiration ALWAYS start with ABCs What are some nursing considerations when caring for a patient taking Chemotherapy medication? - ANSWER N/V Diarrhea Check mental status Keep patient well hydrated. What is Bacterial Endocarditis? How would you diagnose this? - ANSWER An infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. Diagnosed by echocardiogram. Small blood clots, hemorrhages or stroke. The following Arterial Blood gas results indicate what acid/base disorder? pH 7.42 pCO2 32 HCO3 22 - ANSWER Respiratory alkalosis compensated What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? What are some clinical findings that you would assess on your patient? - ANSWER A life threating condition which initially produces blood to clot excessively. Blood in the urine nose bleeds red dots on the surface of the skin (petechiae) recital or vaginal bleeding. What laboratory values would you monitor for a patient taking coumadin (Warfarin)? - ANSWER pT, INR What would you assess for when caring for a patient in DKA? - ANSWER ABG's Polyuria (increased urination) polydipsia (thirst) Potassium What lab value would you anticipate being abnormal with a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism? - ANSWER TSH (t4) How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in the human body? - ANSWER Cancer cells are cells that exhibit malignant growth. They multiple and continue to reproduce. Normal cells follow a cycle. They grow, divide and die. What acid/base disorder would you expect for the COPD patient? - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis What acid/base disorder would you expect for a patient with Severe diarrhea? - ANSWER Metabolic acidosis What acid/base disorder would you expect for a patient with Severe vomiting? - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis What acid/base disorder would you expect for the patient with DKA? - ANSWER metabolic acidosis What acid/base disorder would you expect for the with Nasogastric suctioning? - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis What is angioedema? What would be your immediate priority when caring for a patient with angioedema? - ANSWER Swelling beneath the skin, face and or neck. Priority would include ABCs check and protect the airway What is an arthroscopy? What would be part of your assessment for a patient that received an arthroscopy? - ANSWER A procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems. Assessments include bleeding or swelling and asses for circulation, skin and sensation. What would be part of your assessment when caring for a patient who is pregnant? What diagnostic test is used to confirm fetal activity? - ANSWER Fetal ultrasound Pituitary hormone level test Assessing patient and baby's vitals What lab values would you expect to be abnormal on a patient in DKA? - ANSWER Glucose Potassium What is hypocalcemia? What are some causes of hypocalcemia? - ANSWER Calcium level less than 9.0. Bedridden patients What is a normal hemoglobin A1C? What would be part of your discharge instructions for a patient with an abnormal hemoglobin A1C? - ANSWER A1c is <6% Control and monitor blood sugars What is Trousseau's sign? - ANSWER hypocalcemia Carpal spasm What would be a nursing priority: A patient with an elevated blood sugar or a patient with a low blood sugar? Why? - ANSWER Low blood sugar because they could go into a coma What is a normal cerebral spinal fluid analysis? - ANSWER Clear, no red blood cells What is a PET scan? What are some preparation considerations for a patient having a PET scan? - ANSWER A procedure done to asses for cell death and damage to brain tissue. 2 IVS inserted. Avoid sedatives, empty bladder. What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? - ANSWER Lupus Inflammatory disease What are some risk factors for a patient with an abnormal potassium? - ANSWER CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS heart attack cardiac arrest bulimia fluid imbalances diarrhea or vomiting pCO2 - ANSWER 35-45 high vale acidosis low value alkalosis respiratory HCO3 - ANSWER 22-26 high value alkalosis low value acidosis metabolic