WGU C785 Biochemistry Unit2 Latest 2022

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WGU C785 Biochemistry Unit2 Latest 2022 Amino Group ✔✔Consists of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms (NH3+) Carboxyl Group ✔✔Consists of carbons and oxygens (COO-) R Group ✔✔The variable group within an Amino Acid Amino Acid Backbone ✔✔Consists of the Amino Group (NH3+) the Carboxyl Group (COO-) and the Alpha Carbon that bonds to a Hydrogen Monomer ✔✔A small chemical unit that makes up a polymer Polymer ✔✔A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. Polypeptide ✔✔A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Peptide Bond ✔✔Bonds that connect amino acids. Primary Protein Structure ✔✔Sequence of amino acids forming a protein or polypeptide chain, the most basic element of its structure. Alpha Carbon ✔✔The central carbon atom of each amino acid Secondary Protein Structure ✔✔Shape formed by hydrogen bonding of amino acid back boneusually an alpha helix or beta sheet Tertiary Protein Structure ✔✔The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids by covalent bonds Quaternary Protein Structure ✔✔Multiple polypeptide subunits held together by R group interactions Beta Pleated Sheet ✔✔A secondary structure found in proteins in which "pleats" are formed by hydrogen bonding between atoms on the backbone of the polypeptide chain Alpha Helix ✔✔A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure. Hydrophobic ✔✔Afraid of the water, wants to be on the inside Hydrophilic ✔✔Water loving, wants to be on the outside Polar Amino Acids Have Side Chains of What Atoms? ✔✔OH, NH2 or SH Non-Polar Amino Acids Have Side Chains of What Atoms? ✔✔CH, CH2, CH3 and H only Charged Amino Acids Have Side Chains of What Atoms? ✔✔Any atoms that have a + or - charge Polar Side Chains are Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic? ✔✔Hydrophilic Non-Polar Side Chains are Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic? ✔✔Hydrophobic Charged Side Chains are Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic? ✔✔Hydrophilic Disulfide Bond ✔✔The covalent bond formed between the sulfur atoms of two cysteines in a protein; typically causes the protein to fold by bringing otherwise distant parts of the protein close together Hydrogen Bond ✔✔Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom Ionic Bond ✔✔A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Hydrophobic Interactions ✔✔Interactions between Non-polar amino acids grouping together to avoid water Conditions That Disrupts the Bonds of Polar Amino Acids ✔✔Salts or changes in pH Conditions That Disrupts the Bonds of Charged Amino Acids ✔✔Salts or changes in pH Conditions That Disrupts the Bonds of Non-Polar Amino Acids ✔✔Heat What Breaks a Disulfide Bond? ✔✔Reducing Agents

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