MCAT behavioral sciences questions and answers already passed

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MCAT behavioral sciences questions and answers already passed just noticeable difference jnd ✔✔minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli before one can perceive this difference Weber's law ✔✔there is a constant ratio between the change in stimulus magnitude needed to produce a jnd (higher stimulus will need a larger difference to produce a jnd) Signal detection theory ✔✔changes in out perception of the sam stimuli depending on both internal and external context (how loud would someone need to yell your name in a crowd for you to hear their name?) response bias ✔✔subjects respond in a certain way due to non sensory factors duplexity (duplicity theory of vision) ✔✔retina contain two kinds of photoreceptores: those specialized for light and dark detection and those specialized for color section cones ✔✔used for color vision and sense fine details- most effective in bright light and comes in 3 forms (blue, red, green) rods ✔✔more functional and only allow sensation of light and dark because they all contain a single pigment (rhodopsin)- low sensitivity but allow night vision (more rods than cones) fovea ✔✔center most part of the eye and only contains cones optic chiasm ✔✔fiber from the nasal half of each rating cross paths parallel processing ✔✔ability to simultaneously analyze and combine information regarding color, shape, and motion two point threshold ✔✔minimum distance necessary between two points of stimulation on the skin such that the points will be felt as two distinct stimuli gate theory of pain ✔✔proposes that there is a special gating mechanism that can turn pain signals on or off, affecting whether or not we perceive pain Kinesthetic sensation (proprioception) ✔✔ability to tell where one's body is in space Bottom up processing ✔✔refers to object recognition by parallel processing and feature detectionbrain takes individual sensory stimuli and combines them together to create a cohesive image before determining what the object is top down processing ✔✔driven by memories and expectations that allow the brain to recognize the whole object and then recognize the components based on these expectations (quickly recognize objects without needing to analyze specific parts) Gestalt principles ✔✔law of proximity law of similarity law of good continuation law of closure law of pragnanz law of proximity ✔✔elects close together tend to be perceived as a unit law of similarity ✔✔objects that are similar tend to be grouped together law of good continuation ✔✔elements that appear to follow in the same pathway tend to be grouped together law of closure ✔✔when a space is enclosed by a contour it tends to be perceived as a complete figure law of pragnanz ✔✔perceptual organization will always be as regular, simple, and symmetric as possible associative learning ✔✔creation of pairing, or association, wither between two stimuli or between a behavior or response classical conditioning ✔✔type of associative learning that takes advantage of biological instinctual responses to create associations between two unrelated stimuli (dog starts to salivate when he hears a bell ring due to the fact that when the bell rings he is given a treat) acquisition ✔✔training of a conditioned stim

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