POLS 1101 Midterm Short Answer Questions

POLS 1101 Midterm Short Answer Questions What was the Articles of Conferderation and why did it ultimately fail? - ✔✔The Articles of Confederation was the first governing document of the United States. It ultimately f ...

POLS 1101 Midterm Short Answer Questions What was the Articles of Conferderation and why did it ultimately fail? - ✔✔The Articles of Confederation was the first governing document of the United States. It ultimately failed because it gave too much power to the states and not enough to the central government. It was also very difficult to pass legislation as it required states with different interests to agree. Explain the concepts of agenda setting and framing in today's media. - ✔✔Agenda setting is when the media tells the public what to think based on what information it chooses to share. Framing is when the media tells the public how to think about something based on their interpretation. For example, agenda setting would be the media choosing to air a segment about a political candidate instead of a crime, and framing would be the lens though which they show the segment, democratic or republican, positive or negative connotation, etc. Decided in Near v. Minnesota, under which 3 conditions can prior restraint take place? - ✔✔Prior restraint can take place if it poses a threat to national security, contains obscene speech, or incites violence. What powers are granted to the national governments. What powers are reserved to the states? What powers are concurrent/shared? - ✔✔The national government regulates interstate commerce, raises armies, declares war, and coins money. The state governments regulate intrastate commercial, regulate family law, and handle most criminal law. They share taxing, borrowing, spending, regulating, health, education, licensing, and setting the time, place, and manner of congressional elections. Differentiate civil liberties from civil rights. - ✔✔Civil liberties are the fundamental liberties, such as freedom of speech and religion, that are protected by creating a gate or barrier that prevents government interference. Civil rights, however, are rights to equality that often require the government to be actively involved in opening gateways to full civic participation. What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision? - ✔✔It ruled that having separate facilities was legal as long as both facilities were "equal". Therefore, segregation was legal. Contrast the function of mass media in authoritarian vs. democratic systems. - ✔✔In authoritarian systems, mass media is run by the government and includes propaganda to support the government and stabilize the nation. In democratic systems, however, mass media is independent of the government and keeps watch over the government, while keeping the public updated on what is going on. What is the Bill of Rights and why was it added to the Constitution? - ✔✔The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution that protects the fundamental liberties and freedoms of citizens that limit government interference. It was added because the anti-federalists would not ratify the Constitution without it. Explain the Obergefell v. Hodges decision and how it relates to the 14th amendment. - ✔✔Obergefell and Arthur's legally married but not recognized in Ohio. Ohio ruled that their same-sex marriage ban did not violate the Constitution. Obergefell did a writ of certiorari to petition for Supreme Court to hear his case. The Supreme Court chose to hear and ruled that all states had to recognize and grant licenses to same sex marriages. The 14th amendment makes everyone equal under the law, and the Supreme Court felt gay marriage bans violated it. What did James Madison think about factions? - ✔✔James Madison thought that factions were inevitable and that the government needed to protect citizens from the dangers of these interest groups, such as working against civic interest and infringing upon the rights of other citizens. What happens to civil liberties during times of war or crisis? Why does this occur? - ✔✔Civil liberties are limited in times of war of crisis. This is because citizens are generally more supportive of government and more willing to give up their liberties temporarily in order to focus on the larger crisis at hand. Explain the relationship between the 4th amendm