BIOS 255 Week 5 Immune System completed.

Week 5 Immune System Learning Objectives: 1. Distinguish innate immunity from adaptive immunity. 2. Identify the cellular components, and their roles in the immune response. 3. List the signs of inflammation. 4. I ...

Week 5 Immune System Learning Objectives: 1. Distinguish innate immunity from adaptive immunity. 2. Identify the cellular components, and their roles in the immune response. 3. List the signs of inflammation. 4. Identify the different types of immunoglobulins and their functions. 5. Interpret the significance of diagnostic antibody serology. Introduction: Immunity refers to the body's ability to defend itself against disease and infection. Immunity can be categorized into two different forms: innate or adaptive. We will explore the 2 types of defenses and learn about inflammation. Our lab challenge will take a look at how we perform test for exposure and immunity to pathogens. Assignment: Part 1 Complete the activities in Anatomy.TV on the Lymphatic and Immune system: Principles of Immunity, Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity, Antibody-Mediated Immune Response, Cell- mediated Immune Response and Immunologic memory. These will help prepare you for the Labster Virtual Introduction to Immunology: Explore the immune system and save the world simulation. Are you ready to save the world? To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose assigned system>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. Part 2 Complete the lab report. Immunology Lab Report 1. Purpose: Please state the purpose of the lab. • To understand the way our bodies fight against pathogens • Understand where the different white blood cells originate and develop from along with their roles • The importance of vaccinations and its efficacy worldwide • How to perform lab testing on samples for IgG, IgM 2. Procedure: Briefly describe the procedure for this lab. Reading about the different cells and their roles, then answering quiz questions to test knowledge of material presented by lab . Preforming lab testing for IgG and IgM , acquiring knowledge on the use of the black box for these testing and then determining the results Briefly describe what you were asked to do in the virtual lab challenges. Identify certain cells and what their main roles were Identify where certain cells originate from Attempt to enter the body as a pathogen and infiltrate the body Test samples to determine if a patient has a current infection or is immune to an infection Identify the pattern across the global map on the changes that occurred in cases worldwide after vaccines were developed 3. Data and Details: a. Describe components of the immune system by completing the following chart: Description/Function Innate immunity 1st line of defense in the body, front line of host defense and plays an essential role in preventing infection while tolerating normal host flora. Adaptive immunity Destroy invading pathogens and any toxic molecule that they produce. Protection from infectious disease agent that is mediated by B and T lymphocytes, following exposure to specific pathogens. IgG increase the efficiency of detection and clearance of pathogens and toxins. Indicates an active or recent exposure IgM Control of B cell activation, as its first line of defense. Their large size gives them excellent binding avidity and can pick up trace amounts of infection to mark for recognition by phagocytes. Indicates a past infection that means their has been antibodies developed against a disease . IgA Also referred to as slgA in its secretory form is a blood protein that helps fight off sickness.Protect outside surface that are exposed to pathoges such as nose , ears , eyes,etc . IgE Found in the lungs and mucus membranes . Usually high in people with allergies . They cause the body to react against foreign substances such as pollen, fungus spores, and animal dander. Thymus Produces progenitor cells, which mature into T-cells, which help to destroy infected or cancerous cells. b. Antibody detected Sample 1 Sample 3 Sample 7 Sample 8 IgM - + - + IgG + + - - 4. Questions: a. What is the primary mode by which a macrophage engulfs pathogens? Phagocytosis b. What is a major functional difference between B cells and T cells? B-cells Produce and secrete antibodies activating the immune system to destroy pathogens. They recognize the surface antigens of bacteria and viruses. T-cells Can only recognize viral antigens outside the infected cells, elicit cell-mediated immune response. c. Interpret the results of Samples 1, 3, 7, and 8. What do the results indicate regarding the current state of illness and immunity? Consider the significance of the presence of IgM and/or IgG. Utilize the chart to answer: Evidence of current exposure/infection? (yes or no) Evidence of previous exposure only with no current infection? (yes or no) Sample 1 No Yes Sample 3 Yes Yes Sample 7 No No Sample 8 Yes No d. Macrophages play an important role in creating an inflammatory condition to promote pathogen clearance and wound healing. The cells achieve this by manufacturing and secreting a range of chemotactic (“cell recruiting”) and vasodilatory factors. State 4 signs of inflammation that may result. • Heat and/or redness • Pain at the infected site • Swelling to the affected area • Build-up of puss at the infection site. 5. Discussion: a. Discuss the benefit of vaccinations. Vaccines are incredibly important to prevent the spread of diseases. Vaccines help to wipe out some diseases which can potentially be fatal. b. Briefly mention any difficulties with the lab and/or information you wish was present in the lab. I had difficult with moving on at the beginning of the session . I could not figure out how to pick up my access card . I kept clicking on it but it would not let me move forward. Finally I realized that I needed to click on the map before I could pick up the access card. I was stuck when I was instructed to move to another room. There was no instruction indication where to go and I kept clicking in all the surrounding rooms with no success. I had to log off and log back in before I could move forward When the questions were asked to name where cells originate from , it never indicated that we had to move over in the room and click on the hologram to answer the question . I was waiting for a choice of answers until I realized that maybe I needed to move around the room and find the hologram. Instructions should be a bit more clear and the program does freeze a lot so it was frustrating at times. 6. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this lab. • How to preform lab testing for IgG, IgM and the many steps that it takes to attain those results • The importance of vaccinations to the world • How amazing and effective our body is at attacking pathogens. • Seeing a 3D picture of how the different white blood cells look was really neat • I enjoyed trying to invade the body by different ways and failing every try.