Literary Studies > QUESTIONS & ANSWERS > AP European History Exam Review Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions (All)
AP European History Exam Review Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions
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AP European History Exam Review Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Benvenuto Cellini ✔✔Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-pr... aise. Condottiere ✔✔Mercenary soldier of a political ruler. Humanism ✔✔Recovery and study of classical authors & writings. Individualism ✔✔Emphasis on the unique & creative personally (personality?). New Monarchs ✔✔Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical authority often by Machiavellian means. Rationalism ✔✔Application and use of reason in understanding and explaining events. Renaissance ✔✔The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a transformation of cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to classical or secular ones. Secularism ✔✔Emphasis on the here and now rather than on the spiritual and otherworldly. Lorenzo Valla ✔✔(1407-1457) Humanist who used historical criticism to discredit an eighthcentury document giving the papacy jurisdiction over Western lands. Virtu ✔✔Striving for personal excellence.Baroque ✔✔The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter Reformation. Brethren of the Common Life ✔✔Pious laypeople in sixteenth-century Holland who initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living. John Calvin ✔✔(1509-1564) French theologian who established a theocracy in Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination. Charles V ✔✔(1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands. Council of Trent ✔✔The congress of learned Roman Catholic authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile with the Protestants. Index ✔✔A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read. Indulgence ✔✔Papal pardon for remission of sins. Inquisition ✔✔Religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution. Jesuits ✔✔(Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. John Knox ✔✔(1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century Scotland. Martin Luther ✔✔(1483-1546) German theologian who challenged the church's practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the destruction of the Roman Catholic world.Sir Thomas More ✔✔(1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and chancellor of England. Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly recognize his king as Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England. Nepotism ✔✔Practice of rewarding relatives with church positions. Peace of Augsburg ✔✔(1555) Document in which Charles V recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince determined the religion of his subjects. Pluralism ✔✔The holding of several benefices (church offices). Simony ✔✔Selling of church offices [Show More]
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