ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions

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ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Pyrimidine One carbon ring Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil Purine Two carbon rings Adenine, Guanine How are n... ucleotides joined together? Condensation to form phosphodiester bond What is the function of mRNA? Carries genetic info out of nucleus Transcript translated to protein What is the function of tRNA? Carries aa to ribosome Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand What is the function of rRNA? part of ribosome structure most abundant RNA coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons Feedback inhibition Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product Exonucleases Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain 5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5' Endonucleases (Prok) Restriction enzymes Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain Recognition site is palindromic sequence Types I-V ORI sites nt sequence where replication is initiated Topoisomerase I Induces ss breaks Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis topoisomerase II cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands Gyrase (topoisomerase II) Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs Helicase Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork Primase DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol) adds short segments of complementary RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination Okazaki fragments Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template Ligase Closes gaps in DNA Catalyzes phosphodiester bond [Show More]

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