Rasmussen College NUR NUR 2474 Pharm Module 10 Blueprint

Rasmussen College NUR NUR 2474 Pharm Module Week 10 Blueprint Week 10 Blueprint Prototype Supplement Name Prototype Supplement Classifcaton Where to fnd Informaton Ma Huang Ephedra (Stmulant) Therapeutc use( ...

Rasmussen College NUR NUR 2474 Pharm Module Week 10 Blueprint Week 10 Blueprint Prototype Supplement Name Prototype Supplement Classifcaton Where to fnd Informaton Ma Huang Ephedra (Stmulant) Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Ma-huang is a traditonal Chinese medicinal herb derived from Ephedra sinica Stapf and other Ephedra species, used to treat asthma, nose and lung congeston, and fever with anhidrosis. It contains 0.5–2.5% by weight of total alkaloids, of which ephedrine accounts for 30 to 90%. Ephedrine, a sympathomimetc amine, acts on part of the sympathetc nervous system (SNS). The principal mechanism of acton relies on its indirect stmulaton of the adrenergic receptor system by increasing the actvity of norepinephrine at the postsynaptc α and β receptors. high blood pressure, heart atacks, muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and death. cause less serious side effects including dizziness, restlessness, anxiety, irritability, heart pounding, headache, loss of appette, nausea, vomitng, and others. Ma Huang or herbal supplements containing ephedrine should not be used in small children, pregnancy or lactaton. Avoid in persons with high blood pressure or that have any form of heart, kidney or liver disease. Do not ingest along with caffeine or caffeine containing herbs, such as Guaraná. Website: htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/ephedra Garlic Cardiovascular & Cholesterol Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Garlic is most commonly used for conditons related to the heart and blood system. These conditons include high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia), and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Major adverse effect! Garlic has signifcant antplatelet effects which can increase bleeding risk when taken with antplatelet or antcoagulant drugs. Garlic may make the actons of blood-thinning medicatons including warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), and aspirin stronger, increasing the risk of bleeding. Medicatons for HIV/AIDS: Garlic may lower blood levels of protease inhibitors, medicatons used to treat people with HIV. Website: htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/garlic Ginkgo biloba Brain functon and other health Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Website: htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/ginkgo This study source was downloaded by 100000825611411 from CourseHero.com on 10-25-2022 08:06:42 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/97481844/Pharm-Module-10-Blueprint-1docx/conditons Drug-herb interactons? Ginkgo biloba is an herb used to treat alttude sickness (preventon), cerebral vascular insufciency, cognitve disorders, dementa, dizziness/vertgo, intermitent claudicaton, macular degeneraton/glaucoma, memory loss, premenstrual syndrome, SSRIinduced sexual dysfuncton, and as a vasodilator. Mechanisms of acton may include antoxidant, neurotransmiter/receptor modulatory, and antplatelet actvatng factor propertes. side effects such as stomach upset, headache, dizziness, constpaton, forceful heartbeat, and allergic skin reactons. There is some concern that ginkgo leaf extract might increase the risk of liver and thyroid cancers. possible interactons include: Alprazolam (Xanax). Taking ginkgo with this drug used to relieve symptoms of anxiety might reduce the drug's effectveness. Antcoagulants and ant-platelet drugs, herbs and supplements. Ginger GI health Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? antoxidants and other nutrients in ginger may help prevent or treat arthrits, inflammaton, and various types of infecton AND nausea Ginger has a long reputaton as a carminatve, a substance that promotes the eliminaton of excess gas from the digestve system, and is known to sooth the intestnal tract. Colic and dyspepsia respond partcularly well to ginger Ginger can cause mild side effects including heartburn, diarrhea, burping, and general stomach discomfort. Some women have reported more menstrual bleeding while taking ginger. Medicatons that slow blood clotng (Antcoagulant / Antplatelet drugs) interacts with GINGER. Ginger might slow blood clotng. Taking ginger along with medicatons that also slow clotng might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/ginger Glucosamine/ Chondroitn Joint health Acton? Side effects? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Glucosamine and chondroitn protect cells called chondrocytes, which help maintain cartlage structure. In theory, these supplements have the potental to slow cartlage deterioraton in the joints, and to reduce pain in the process. side effects of glucosamine and chondroitn include: Nausea. Diarrhea or constpaton. Heartburn htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/glucosamin e-and-chondroitn-forosteoarthrits This study source was downloaded by 100000825611411 from CourseHero.com on 10-25-2022 08:06:42 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/97481844/Pharm-Module-10-Blueprint-1docx/45y Taking glucosamine sulfate and acetaminophen together might reduce the effectveness of both the supplement and medicaton. Warfarin (Jantoven). Taking glucosamine alone or in combinaton with the supplement chondroitn might increase the effects of the antcoagulant warfarin. This can increase your risk of bleeding. Coenzyme Q- 10 Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Coenzyme Q10 is most commonly used for conditons that affect the heart such as heart failure and fluid build up in the body (congestve heart failure or CHF), chest pain (angina), and high blood pressure. It is also used for preventng migraine headache, Parkinson disease, and many other conditons.  Heart conditons. CoQ10 has been shown to improve symptoms of congestve heart failure. Although fndings are mixed, CoQ10 might help reduce blood pressure. Some research also suggests that when combined with other nutrients, CoQ10 might aid recovery in people who've had bypass and heart valve surgeries.  Diabetes. Although more studies are needed, some research suggests that CoQ10 may help reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in people with diabetes, lowering their risk of heart disease.  Parkinson's disease. Recent research suggests that even high doses of CoQ10 don't seem to improve symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease.  Statn-induced myopathy. Some research suggests that CoQ10 might help ease the muscle weakness and pain sometmes associated with taking statns.  Migraines. Some research suggests that CoQ10 might decrease the frequency of these headaches.  Physical performance. Because CoQ10 is involved in energy producton, it's believed that this supplement might improve your physical performance. However, research in this area has produced mixed results.  Upper abdominal pain  Loss of appette  Nausea and vomitng  Diarrhea Antcoagulants. CoQ10 might make blood-thinning drugs, such as warfarin (Jantoven), less effectve. This could increase the risk of a blood clot. htps://www.mayoclini c.org/drugssupplementscoenzyme-q10/art- 20362602 St. John's Wort Various conditons Serious WARNINGS! Acton? Adverse effects? htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/st-johnswort This study source was downloaded by 100000825611411 from CourseHero.com on 10-25-2022 08:06:42 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/97481844/Pharm-Module-10-Blueprint-1docx/Drug-herb interactons? John's wort might cause there to be too much serotonin. This could cause serious side effects including heart problems, shivering, nausea, headache, and anxiety. Serotonin syndrome sometmes seasonal affectve disorder (SAD), mild anxiety and sleep problems. Other side effects of St. John's wort are usually minor and uncommon. They may include upset stomach, dry mouth, headache, fatgue, dizziness, confusion, sexual dysfuncton, or sensitvity to sunlight. Fish Oil Omega-3 Faty Acids Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Reduce High levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood (hypertriglyceridemia) side effects including belching, bad breath, heartburn, nausea, loose stools, rash, and nosebleeds Antcoagulant and antplatelet drugs htps://medlineplus.go v/druginfo/meds/a607 065.html Green Tea Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? green tea extract can cause stomach upset and constpaton. Green tea extracts have been reported to cause liver and kidney problems in rare cases. Green tea has caffeine Green tea is rich in polyphenolic compounds, with catechins as its major component. Studies have shown that catechins possess diverse pharmacological propertes that include ant-oxidatve, ant-inflammatory, ant-carcinogenic, ant-arteriosclerotc and ant-bacterial effects. Antcoalugants, benzos, MAOIs htps://www.nccih.nih. gov/health/green-tea Cranberry Various conditons Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Cranberry is suggested for use in urinary tract infecton (UTI) preventon, as a urinary deodorizer for incontnent patents, to treat type 2 diabetes, chronic fatgue syndrome, scurvy, pleurisy, as a diuretc, antseptc, antpyretc, and to treat cancer. anisindione. This study source was downloaded by 100000825611411 from CourseHero.com on 10-25-2022 08:06:42 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/97481844/Pharm-Module-10-Blueprint-1docx/dicumarol. warfarin. Side effects Stomach or abdominal upset. Diarrhea. Kidney stones at high doses. Increased risk of cancer oxalate uroliths in predisposed patents. Vitamin E Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Vitamin E is an important vitamin required for the proper functon of many organs in the body. It is also an antoxidant. This means it helps to slow down processes that damage cells. Interacton  Alkylatng agents and ant-tumor antbiotcs. There's concern that high doses of vitamin E might affect the use of these chemotherapy drugs.  Antcoagulants and ant-platelet drugs, herbs and supplements. Use of vitamin E with these drugs, herbs and supplements to reduce blood clotng might increase the risk of bleeding.  Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates. Use cauton when taking vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes, such as omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid).  Statns and niacin. Taking vitamin E with statns or niacin, which might beneft people with high cholesterol, could reduce niacin's effect.  Vitamin K. Taking vitamin E with vitamin K might decrease the effects of vitamin K. Side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fatgue, weakness, headache, blurred vision, rash, and bruising and bleeding. Vitamin E is POSSIBLY UNSAFE if taken by mouth in doses greater than 1000 mg daily. htps://medlineplus.go v/druginfo/meds/a621 029.html Cayenne (pepper)-oral Various conditons Therapeutc use(s)? Acton? Adverse effects? Drug-herb interactons? Look for bleeding disorder interactons  relieving pain.  managing weight.  easing itching.  reducing inflammaton.  treatng colds and congeston.  protectng the nervous system. Capsaicin produces a burning sensaton with tssues it comes into contact, which occurs via binding to transient receptor potental vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor, an ion channel-type receptor, which can be stmulated by heat and physical abrasion. htps://medlineplus.go v/druginfo/natural/945 .html This study source was downloaded by 100000825611411 from CourseHero.com on 10-25-2022 08:06:42 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/97481844/Pharm-Module-10-Blueprint-1docx/Side effects can include skin irritaton, burning, and itching. Various Medicatons CHAPTER 9 Drug Therapy During Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding: *Teratogenic Medicatons Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care: Pages 83-85 Drugs With Proven or Strongly Suspected Teratogenicitya Drug Teratogenic Effect ANTICANCER/IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS Cyclophosphamide CNS malformaton, secondary cancer Methotrexate CNS and limb malformatons Thalidomide Shortened limbs, internal organ defects ANTISEIZURE DRUGS Carbamazepine Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, malformatons of the heart, and hypospadias Phenytoin Growth delay, CNS defects Topiramate Growth delay, clef lip with clef palate Valproic acid Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, malformatons of the heart and extremites, and hypospadias SEX HORMONES Androgens (e.g., danazol) Masculinizaton of the female fetus Diethylstlbestrol Vaginal carcinoma in female offspring Estrogens Congenital defects of female reproductve organs ANTIMICROBIALS Nitrofurantoin Abnormally small or absent eyes, heart defects, clef lip with clef palate This study source was downloaded by 100000825611411 from CourseHero.com on 10-25-2022 08:06:42 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/97481844/Pharm-Module-10-Blueprint-1docx/Drugs With Proven or Strongly Suspected Teratogenicitya Tetracycline Tooth and bone anomalies Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Neural tube defects, cardiovascular malformatons, clef palate, club foot, and urinary tract abnormalites OTHER DRUGS Alcohol Fetal alcohol syndrome, stllbirth, spontaneous aborton, low birth weight, intellectual disabilites 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g., dutasteride, fnasteride) Malformatons of external genitalia in males Angiotensin-convertng enzyme inhibitors Renal failure, renal tubular dysgenesis, skull hypoplasia (from exposure during the second and third trimesters) Antthyroid drugs (propylthiouracil, methimazole) Goiter and hypothyroidism HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (atorvastatn, simvastatn) Facial malformatons and CNS anomalies, including holoprosencephaly (single-lobed brain) and neural tube defects Isotretnoin and other vitamin A derivatves (etretnate, megadoses of vitamin A) Multple defects (CNS, craniofacial, cardiovascular, others) Lithium Ebstein's anomaly (cardiac defects) Nonsteroidal ant-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus