363 Final Exam| 808 questions| with complete solutions

sensory organs for hearing and maintaining equilibrium Correct Answer: ears Ears three parts: Correct Answer: external, middle, inner called the auricle or pinna Correct Answer: external ear Characteristic sh ...

sensory organs for hearing and maintaining equilibrium Correct Answer: ears Ears three parts: Correct Answer: external, middle, inner called the auricle or pinna Correct Answer: external ear Characteristic shape serves to funnel sound waves into its opening, which is called the external auditory canal Correct Answer: external ear external ear consists of movable ___ and ____ Correct Answer: cartilage, skin A cul-de-sac 2.5 to 3 cm long in adults that terminates at eardrum, or tympanic membrane Correct Answer: auditory canal a yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects ear; Forms sticky barrier to keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching sensitive tympanic membrane Correct Answer: cerumen ___Lined with glands that secrete cerumen Correct Answer: auditory canal separates the external and middle ear Correct Answer: tympanic membrane (eardrum) External Ear: -Translucent membrane with a ____ color -Oval and slightly concave, pulled in at its center by one of middle ear ossicles, the _____ -Parts of malleus show through translucent drum Correct Answer: pearly gray malleus Tiny air-filled cavity inside temporal bone Correct Answer: Middle Ear Middle ear contains tiny ear bones, ossicles: _____, ______, _____ Correct Answer: malleus, incus, and stapes Middle Ear: -Opening to the outer ear is covered by the ____ -Openings to inner ear are _____ at the end of the stapes and the round window -_______: opening that connects middle ear with nasopharynx and allows passage of air -Normally closed, but opens with swallowing or yawning Correct Answer: TM oval window Eustachian tube Middle Ear has three functions: 1. Conducts _____ from outer ear to central hearing apparatus in inner ear 2. Protects inner ear by _______ of loud sounds 3. Eustachian tube allows ____ of air pressure on each side of TM so that it does not rupture Correct Answer: sound vibrations reducing amplitude equalization Contains the bony labyrinth, which holds sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing Correct Answer: inner ear Although the inner ear is not accessible to direct examination, its functions can be assessed Correct Answer: ------ normal pathway of hearing is ____ and is most efficient Correct Answer: air conduction alternate route of hearing is ____ Correct Answer: bone conduction Bones of the skull vibrate and are transmitted directly to inner ear and to cranial nerve VIII Correct Answer: bone conduction Anything obstructing transmission of sound impairs hearing Correct Answer: hearing loss _____ loss involves a mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear Correct Answer: conductive hearing _____ Hearing loss: 1. Partial loss because person is able to hear if sound amplitude is increased enough to reach normal nerve elements in inner ear 2. May be caused by impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, a perforated TM, pus or serum in middle ear, and otosclerosis, which is a decrease in mobility of ossicles Correct Answer: Conductive __________ (perceptive) hearing loss signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or auditory areas of cerebral cortex Correct Answer: Sensorineural ____ Hearing loss: 1. Increase in amplitude may not enable person to understand words 2. May be caused by presbycusis or ototoxic drugs Correct Answer: Sensorineural a gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging Correct Answer: presbycusis affect hair cells in cochlea Correct Answer: ototxic drugs ____ hearing loss is combination of conductive and sensorineural types in same ear Correct Answer: mixed _____ in inner ear constantly feeds information to brain about body's position in space Correct Answer: Labyrinth