NSG 6005 Pharmacology Midterm - Questions & Answers (Graded A)

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A patient's nutritional intake and lab work reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is critical to prescribing because: Class IC drugs are reserved for what type of arrhythmia? Class III drugs are effective i ... n treating: Half-life of procainamide: Antiarrhythmics are metabolized in the ____________. To treat or not to treat antiarrhythmic Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect -- The route of excretion of a volatile drug will be: The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicated the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the: Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include: Which one of the following statements about bio availability is true? Steady State is: The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% is called: An advantage of prescribing a sublingual medication is that the medication is: Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may: 1. Induce the metabolism of another drug 2. Inhibit the metabolism of another drug 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 nor 2 A nurse practitioner would prescribe the liquid form of ibuprofen for a six-year-old because: The first step in the prescribing process according to the world health organization is: Patient Education regarding prescribed medication includes: Pharmacokinetic factors that affect prescribing include Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to: The type of ADR that is the result of an unwanted but otherwise normal pharmacological action of a drug given in the usual therapeutic doses is -- A patient may develop neutropenia from using typical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is: The ACE inhibitor Lisinopril is a known teratogen. Teratogens cause Type ______ ADR. A twenty-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for type ____ ADR when he no longer requires the opioids. Which of the following factors may adversely affect a patient’s adherence to a therapeutic drug regimen? Non-adherence is especially common in drugs that treat asymptomatic conditions, such as hypertension. One way to reduce the likelihood of nonadherence to these drugs is to prescribe a drug that: Patients with psychiatric illness have adherence rates to their drug regimen between 35-60%. To improve adherence in this population, prescribe drugs: Genetic polymorphisms account for differences in metabolism, including Warfarin resistance may be seen in patients with VCORC1 mutation, leading to: Genetic testing for VCORC1 mutations to assess potential warfarin resistance is required prior to prescribing warfarin Carbamazepine has a black box warning recommending testing for the HLA-B*1502 allele in patients with Asian ancestry prior to starting therapy due to: Herbs and supplements are tested by the FDA for safety Common OTC pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen: When obtaining a drug history from Harold, he gives you a complete list of his prescription medications. He denies taking any other drugs, but you find that he occasionally takes aspirin for his arthritis flare ups. This is a common example of: Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid which of the following classes of drugs due to the possibility of developing hypertensive crisis? Harold, a forty-two-year-old African American, has a moderate persistent asthma. Which of the following asthma medications should he use cautiously if at all? Long-acting beta agonists received a black box warning from the US Food and Drug Administration due to the: Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) is an inhaled anticholinergic: Christy has exercise and mild persistent asthma and is prescribed two puffs of albuterol 15 minutes before exercise and as needed for wheezing. One puff per day of beclomethasone (QVAR) is also prescribed. Teaching regarding her inhalers includes: When prescribing montelukast (Singulair) for asthma, patients or parents of patients should be instructed as follows: Montelukast (Singulair) may be prescribed for: Patients with allergic rhinitis may benefit from a prescription of: Howard is a seventy-two-year-old male who occasionally takes diphenhydramine would include assessing for: Second generation antihistamines such as Claritin are prescribed for seasonal allergies because they: Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): The first-line treatment for cough related to a upper respiratory infection in a five year old is Prior to developing a plan for the treatment of asthma, the patient's asthma should be classified according to the NHLBI Expert Panel 3 guidelines. In adults mild-persistent asthma is classified as asthma symptoms that occur: In five- to eleven-year-old children, mild persistent asthma is diagnosed when asthma symptoms occur: A stepwise approach to the pharmacological management of asthma Monitoring a patient with persistent asthma includes: Asthma exacerbations at home are managed by the patient by: One goal of asthma management in children is: A patient with COPD exacerbation may require Education of patients with COPD who use inhaled corticosteroids includes the following: Many patients self-medicate with antacids. Which patients should be counseled to not take calcium carbonate antacids without discussing it with their provider or a pharmacist first? Josie is a 5yr old presenting with 48hr n/v/d. unable to keep fluids down and wt. is 4 lbs. less than last recorded wt. besides IV fluids, her exam warrants use of anti-nausea med. which is appropriate Patients who are on chronic long-term PPI therapy require monitoring for Sadie is a 72 yr. old who takes omeprazole for chronic GERD. chronic long term omeprazole use places her at risk for Metoclopramide improves GERD symptoms by: Infants with reflux are initially treated with: Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid which of the following classes of drugs due to the possibility of developing hypertensive crisis? Harold, a forty-two-year-old African American, has moderate persistent asthma. Which of the following asthma medications should be use cautiously if at all? Long-acting beta agonists received a black box warning from the food and drug administration due to: Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva) is an inhaled anticholinergic: Christy has exercise and mild persistent asthma and is prescribed two puffs of albuterol fifteen minutes from exercise and as needed for wheezing. One puff per day of beclomethasone (QVAR) is also prescribed. Teaching regarding her inhalers includes which one of the following? Montelukast (Singulair) may be prescribed for Howard is a 72-year-old male who occasionally takes diphenhydramine for his seasonal allergies. Monitoring for this patient taking diphenhydramine would include assessing for: Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): Asthma exacerbations at home are managed by the pt. by Howard is a 72-year-old male who occasionally takes diphenhydramine for his seasonal allergies. Monitoring for this patient taking diphenhydramine would include assessing for: 1. Urinary retention 2. Cardiac output 3. Peripheral edema 4. Skin rash A patient with a COPD exacerbation may require An acceptable first-line treatment for peptic ulcer disease with positive H. pylori test is: Children mild-persistent asthma is diagnosed when asthma symptoms occur how often? Treating for GERD with the step-down approach, first the patient would be treated with... herpes treatment Hepatitis C treatment MTC to MEC Reglan improves GERD by Pregnant pts with asthma can safely use ____ throughout their pregnancy Medications used in the mgmt. of COPD WHO 6-step model of rational prescribing The "I Can Prescribe a Drug" mnemonic Pharmacokinetics plasma level profile Hepatitis A prevention and treatment Hepatitis B prevention and treatment General side effects of anti-glaucoma agents Eye medications not to prescribe, refer only Cannot wear contact lenses with these meds Treatment for CAP pneumonia I-previously healthy, no risk factors Treatment for CAP in children under Alternative tx to PCN in strep Chronic Bronchitis first line abx treatment AOM first line treatment Sinusitis first line of treatment UTI first line of treatment Skin infections 1 treatment Treatment for chlamydial pneumonia Treatment for mycoplasm pneumonia Cost-effectiveness analysis Tx of anemia with HIV or chronic Renal pts causes of pernicious anemia Education for Iron tx Clinical Judgement in prescribing cost minimization analysis Cost-utility analysis pharmacological adverse reaction idiosyncratic reaction Antiprotozoal drugs Allergic conjunctivitis topical penciclovir valerian tea DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES (LISTED IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE) Class I antiarrhythmics Lidocaine Atropine Amiodarone Class II antiarrhythmic drugs Class III antiarrhythmics Digoxin Cardiotonic agents Antilipemic (statins) agent mechanism of action ACE inhibitors ACE inhibitors adverse effects Prazosin (minipress) Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin Prostaglandin analogues Sildenafil (Viagra) Antiglaucoma agents (6) Cholinergic side effects Adrenergic agents eye Eye beta blockers Sympathomimetic agents Miotics eye BPH tests BPH treatment PSA in prostate cancer obstructive BPH Irritative BPH symptoms CAP tx in pregnancy CAP in 60 years or older with comorbities or adult with risk factors Digoxin toxicity symptoms Digoxin therapeutic range Digoxin treats Thiazide diuretics contraindicated Thiazide diuretics Thiazide diuretics and calcium Beta blocker contraindications beta blocker ADR Ace Inhibitors and pregnancy Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers CCB contraindications Antiglaucoma beta blocker contraindications Miotic anti glaucoma contraindications dorzolamide/brinzolamide Methazolamide Iopidine Brimonidine Lantaprost Rare Reaction with sulfacetamide eye ointment What is the half-life of Amiodarone? 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