1.02 Chemistry of Life Notes ALL SOLUTION 100% CORRECT SPRING FALL-2023/24 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

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4 main types of organic macromolecules proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids What do all these macro molecules have in common? they r all important for providing energy and structure to li... ving organisms and their cells -they also all contain carbon atoms (which have a unique ability to bond together repeatedly) Define polymers large molecules composed of many identical or similar subunits called monomers Define monosaccharide mono means one and it is the smallest type of carbohydrate molecule Give 2 examples of monosaccharides glucose and fructose what do monosaccharides provide for cells? energy and can be used by the cells to build other important molecules like fatty and amino acids -if not used by cells immediately can be stored in larger carbohydrate molecules to be used later What is the basic formula for monosaccharides? C6H12O6 How is the shape of a monosaccharide determined? by the differences in the arrangement of atoms and bonds -bonds give a unique shape -shape determines how molecules function and react within a cell Define disaccharide carbohydrate molecules made of 2 monosaccharide molecules bonded together Give 2 examples of disaccharides lactose (major sugar in milk) and sucrose (table sugar) Define polysaccharides carbohydrate polymers made up of 100s to 1000's of monosaccharide units bonded together give 2 examples of polysaccharides starch and cellulose (made of monomer glucose)What accounts for the differences in the properties of the various polysaccharides? how the glucose molecules are arranged in different polysaccharides What is the monomer (single unit) that makes up polysaccharides? glucose Describe the structure and function of starch -formed by plants to store large amounts of glucose produced during photosynthesis -animals can break down starch into individual glucose molecules which makes starch an important food source Describe the structure and function of cellulose -strong material that serves as the primary structural component of plants -most plants aren't able to break down cellulose into glucose -but cellulose is in the food we eat every day and serves as dietary fiber that regulates digestion Describe the structure and function of glycogen animals and fungi use it to store excess molecules from their food -serves as an energy source that can be broken down into individual glucose molecules when they are needed What is your athletic endurance related to? amount of glycogen you have stored away [Show More]

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