Final Exam Pathophysiology

Final Exam Pathophysiology Question Answer What would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease? an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug The best definition of the term prognosis is the _______ predicted ...

Final Exam Pathophysiology Question Answer What would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease? an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug The best definition of the term prognosis is the _______ predicted outcome of likelihood of recovery from a specific disease What is considered a systemic sign of disease? fever Etiology is defined as the study of the what? cause of a disease Hypertrophy of the heart would be related to what? increase in the size of the individual cells A tissue in which the cells vary in size and shap;e and show increased mitotic figures would be called what? dysplasia When a group of cells in the body dies, the cange is called ______. necrosis Lack of exercise during an illness may cause skeletal muscle to undergo ____. atrophy The inflammatory process is caused by _____. any tissue injury Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include histamine and prostaglandins Which of the following result directly from the release fo chemical mediators following a moderate burn injury Pain, Increased capillary permeability Which of the following is an attempt to localize and c ontain the foreign material during an inflammatory response Fibrinogen Edema or tissue swelling associated with inflammation results directly form Increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment The process of phagocytosis involves the ingestion of foreign material of cell debris by leukocytes Sytemic effects of sever inflammation include fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever Replacement of damaged tissue by similiar cells is termed regeneration Scar tissue consists primarily of Collagen fibers patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following except _____ Releif of fever A burn area in which the e[idermis and part of the dermis is destroyed is classified as deep partial-thickness A woman has burns on the anterior sufrace fo the right arm, chest, and right let, The percentage of body surface area burned is approximately 22.5% a large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because fluid and protein shift out of the vascular compartment Neutrophils are primarily phagocytic cells Which cells are required to process and present antigens form foreign material as the intial step inthe immune response Macrphages Humoral immunity is mediated by ______ B lymphocityes When an allergen binds with IgE antibodies on mast cells, resulting in release of chemical mediators, this reaction is called Typ I hypersensitvity The role of memory cells is to support the immune response by recognizing certain antigens Which statement applies to contact dermatitis a type IV reaction occures ina reas of direct contact with the causative substance An autoimmune disease means Failure of the immune system to distinguish self from nonself Systemic lupus erythemoatosus is caused by immune complex depostis of antinuclear antibodies Bacteria that form a cluster of spheres are called staphylococci An anaerobe thribes and reprodeuces best in the absence of oxygen The structure of a virus includes a PROTEIN COAT AND RNA rna Which of the folloowing is a charaterisitc of rickettsia Very small gram negative intercellular microbe The nosocomial infection means Infection acquired in a hospital of medical facitlity The incubation period refers to the time peeriod between entry of the pathogen into the body and the first signs of infecious disease A vaccine contains Attenuated (weakened) or dead pathogenes or their toxins Culture and sensitivity tests are used to identify the cuasative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agen for it The process of carciogensis usually begins witgh an irreversibel change in cell DNA The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy include throbocytopenia and leukopenia The spread of malignant cells through blood and lympyh to distant sites is termed metastasis Which of the following cells in the gastric muscosa produce intrinsic factor and hydrocholoric acid Parietal cells Which of the floowing is the primary site for absorption of nutrients ileum which of the following iscontained in pancreatic exocrine secretions bicarbonate ion Which of the following processes is likely to occure in the body immediately after ameal glycogenesis Achalasia is best define as lack of a nerve plexus to relax the lower esphageal sphincter Oral candidiasis is considred to be an opprtunistic fungal infection of the mouth Congential pyloric stenosis involves hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle in the pylorus commons signs of acute gastritis include epigastic tenderness and vomiting The pathophysiology of chronic gastritis includes atrophy of the gastic mucosa with decreased secretions Prolonged or sever stress may predispose to peptic ulcer because of reduced blood flow to the gastic wall and mucous glands The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer diesease may involve any of the following except increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands Predisposng factors to choleithiasis include increased billirubin or cholesterol concentratiuon in the bile Which of the following applies to hepatitis a IONFECTION IT IS TRANSMITTED BYH TH E ORALFECAL ROUT The most common type of hepatitis transmitte by blood transfusion is HCV Elevated serum levels AST and ALT during the preicteric stage of hepatitis result form necrosis of liver cells Acute pancreatis causes massive inflammation and necrosis because of activation and spread of preteolytic enzyems Esphageal varices are caused primariloy by Portal hypertension Steatorrhea is best described as bulky, fatty turd The typical changes occuring with Crohn's disease include infalmed area of the wall of the ileum alternatingf with thick