Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Question/Term Answer
When clinical signs of volume
overload exists, these drugs are
used to increase urinary output,
decrease blood volume, preload,
and cardiac workload.
...
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Question/Term Answer
When clinical signs of volume
overload exists, these drugs are
used to increase urinary output,
decrease blood volume, preload,
and cardiac workload.
Diuretics
Three types of diuretics used to
decrease blood volume and lower
blood pressure.
Loop Diuretics,
Thiazides, and
Potassium-sparing
These diuretics depress Na
reabsorption in the ascending
loop of Henle and promote
potassium excretion.
Loop Diuretics
furosemide (Lasix); bumetanide
(Bumex); toresemide (Demadex)
Class: Diuretics; loop
diuretics
Diuretics: Prevent Na and water
reabsorption in the distal tubules
while promoting potassium
excretion.
Thiazide
hydrochlorothazide (HCTZ)
Class:
antihypertensive,
diuretic; thiazide
diuretic
Inhibits aldosterone, causing Na
to be excreted in the distal tubule,
but sparing potassium.
Potassium-sparing
diuretic
Spironolactone(Aldactone)
Class; diuretics,
potassium sparing
diuretics
Labs to monitor during Diuretic
therapy
BUN, creatinine,
electrolyets, potassium
levels, glucose, uric
acid levels,
hypotension,
Thiazide diuretics are
contraindicated in clients with?
Renal failure.
Cumulative effects of
the thiazide may
develop in patients
with impaired renal
function. In such
patients, thiazides may
precipitate azotemia
(increased urea).
Block epinephrine from
interacting with beta receptor
sites.
Beta Blockers
Selective beta blockers
Lower b/p by blocking
beta receptors in the
heart and peripheral
vessels, reducing heart
rate, myocardial
contractility, and
cardiac output.
acebutolol (Sectral); atenolol
(Tenormin); betaxolol (Kerlone);
bisoprolol (Zebeta); esmolol
(Brevibloc); metoprolol
(Lopressor and Torprol-XL)
Cardioselective betablockers
Nonselective beta-blockers
block beta2-adrenergic
receptors on the
smooth muscle of the
bronchioles and blood
vessels. Does not only
work specially on the
heart.
nadolol (Corgard); propranolol
(Inderal); timolol (Blocadren)
Nonselective betablockers
Sudden stop of beta-blockers
administration can lead to what HTN crisis
before taking beta-blockers med
the nurse should assess the
______ which must be over
______ before giving to patient
apical pulse rate;
50bpm
iontrope decreases mycardial
contractility
chonotrope decrease heart rate
Block the conversion of
angiotensin I to angiotensin II,
one of the most powerful
vasoconstrictors in the body,
thereby decreasing b/p.
AngiotensinConverting Enzyme
Inhibitors (Aceinhibitors)
Ace Inhibitors also blocks the
release of what to reduce Na and
water retension.
aldosterone.
benazepril (Lotensin); captopril
(Capoten); enalapril/enalaprilat
(Vasotec, Vasotec IV), fosinopril
(Monopril), lisinopril (Prinvil,
Zestril); moexipril (Univasc);
perindopril (Aceon); quinapril
(Accupril); ramipril (Altace);
trandolapril (Mavik)
Class:
antihypertensive; ACE
inhibitors.
Cardio drugs that cause severe
dry cough Ace inhibitors
lab tests considerations for Ace
inhibitors
BUN, creatinine,
electrolytes, serum
potassium, CBC, AST,
ALT.
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