Barry-MedicalGasSys
Question Answer
What is the pressure,
temperature, and capacity of
an OXYGEN E cylinder?
1800-2200 psi; 20*C with
capacity of 625-700 liters
oxygen pipeline pressure 2000 +/- 5 psi
Oxygen is m
...
Barry-MedicalGasSys
Question Answer
What is the pressure,
temperature, and capacity of
an OXYGEN E cylinder?
1800-2200 psi; 20*C with
capacity of 625-700 liters
oxygen pipeline pressure 2000 +/- 5 psi
Oxygen is manufactured
by?
fractional distillation of
liquefied air
Nitrous Oxide is
manufactured by?
heating ammonium nitrate
(thermal decomposition)
Critical temperature of
nitrous oxide 36.5*C
What is the pressure,
temperature, and capacity of
a NITROUS OXIDE E
cylinder?
745 psi; 20*C with capacity
of 1590 liters
What is the only reliable
way to measure nitrous
oxide in an E cylinder?
weigh it
By the time you see a
decrease in pressure of
nitrous oxide, how many
liters do you have left in an
E cylinder?
400 Liters
Nitrous is stored in what
state? liquid
what is the critical
temperature of air? Thus,
what state does it exist in?
140.6*C, gas state
What is the pressure,
temperature, and capacity of
an AIR E cylinder?
1800-2200 psi; 20*C with
capacity of 625-700 liters
Cylinders that have a
marking of “3AA” are
manufactured by using what
metal?
Steel
The marking “3AL” or
“3ALM” indicates that the
cylinder is made from?
aluminum alloys
Where can you not go in
with anything steel? MRI
An E cylinder should have
at least _______ psi or
should be replaced or
refilled.
1000 psi
Coupling mechanism that
connects end of hose with
appropriate gas outlet (color
coded); Made to prevent
DISS (diameter index safety
system)
incorrect hose attachment to
hospital gas pipeline
E cylinders have 2 holes in
cylinder valve that mate
with corresponding pins in
yoke in anesthesia machine
PISS (pin index safety
system)
Oxygen Pin Index Position 2 + 5
Air Pin Index Position 1 + 5
Nitrous Oxide Pin Index
Position 3 + 5
Which patients require
warmer OR rooms? pediatrics/burn patients
Recommended relative
humidity in OR should be? >50%
If relative humidity is lower
than recommended what can
occur?
microshock secondary to
static sparks can occur
If working with orthopedic
prosthesis implants what
must you do upon entering
the OR? and why?
must enter through inner
laminar flow door; must not
break air seal on outer door
High flow ventilation in OR
is useful because?
decreases contamination of
surgical site
Who regulates purity of
cylinders (how they are
being filled)?
Pharmocopeia of the United
States or National
Formulary
Who regulates storage and
transportation of
compressed gases?
U.S. Department of
Transportation
How often are cylinders
inspected? every 10 years
Who publishes standards for
use of only nonflammable
agents in OR?
National Fire Prevention
Association
standard for health care
facilities for pipeline gas
sources and electrical
supply to OR (Voluntary but
enforceable by law)
NFPA 99
Who creates standards for
manufacture and delivery of
compressed gases
Compressed Gas
Association
Legislation which requires
you to notify the FDA if
death or injury occurs with
equipment?
Safe Medical Devices Act
of 1990
Private organization that
publishes minimum safety
and performance standards
for anesthesia machine
American National
Standards Institute (ANSI)
Publishes standards for
anesthesia machine and
equipment (i.e. ETT may
have Z-79 (or IT) marking;
identifies passed tissue
toxicity test)
American Society for
Testing and Materials
(ASTM)
Committee that monitors
outcomes, analyzes
problems and offers
solutions and also requires a
safety program
Joint Council on
Accreditation of Hospital
Organizations (JCAHO)
Type of electricity that
causes electrons to flow
back and forth
AC (alternating current)
Impendence is?
sum of forces that oppose
electron movement when
AC is used
Impendence only applies to
which type of current? AC (alternating current)
Type of electricity that is
nonoscillating; electrons
only flow in one direction
(i.e: battery)
DC (direct current)
Resistance is?
measure of its opposition to
the passage of a steady
electric current
Resistance only applies to
which type of current? DC (direct current)
Heart is most susceptible to
how many Hertz? (Hz = # of
cycles per second)
40-150 Hz
How does a patient recieve
an electrical shock?
Body contact with two
conductive materials at
different voltage potentials
may complete a circuit
Ohm's Law E = I x R
Voltage (E) is?
unit of electromotive force
that propels electrons thru
circuit (volts)
Current (I) is? unit of electron flow (amps)
Resistance (R) is?
force that opposes electron
flow; everything provides
some resistance to electron
flow (ohms)
Electric Power (W) is? electromotive force (watts)
Equation for Joules? Joules (watts per second)
W= E x I
What is a conductor?
any substance that permits
the flow of electrons (AC or
DC)
What is inductance? ability of electrons flowing
in a wire or wire coil to
create a magnetic field
around the wire which can
induce an opposing
electromotive force in
adjacent conductors
As AC frequency increases
(greater electron
movement), inductance &
impendance __________.
increase
What is capacitance? ability to store an electrical
charge (defibrillator)
A capacitor is?
consists of two parallel
conductors separated by an
insulator
This type of electricity has
no circuit loop current and
does not flow unless plates
are connected; this occurs
only when the capacitor is
discharged
DC (direct current)
This type of electricity has
no possibility of leakage
current... and why?
DC (direct current); since
battery operated devices use
1/10th voltage
This type of electricity
continually reverses itself
and will permit current to
flow even when a circuit is
AC (alternating current);
"stray capacitance"
not completed. This
property results in presence
of leakage current from?
Leakage current is present
in?
all electrical equipment as a
result of capacitance
coupling, induction between
internal electrical
components or defective
insulation
What is macroshock, and
when does it occur?
when electricity enters and
exists thru skin (lightening
bolt); gross amount of
current applied to dry intact
skin that can cause harm or
death
Macroschock is first sensed
at? 1 milliamp (mamp- mA)
Pain sensed with
microshock at? > 5 mA
Current of ________
produces “let go” condition;
unable to let go of source
10-20 mA
Macroschock that can
induce Vfib but respiratory
center remains intact?
100-300 mA
Macroshock that is a threat
to heart and respiratory
centers?
>6000 mA
What is a microshock?
Current that enters thru
portal into patient (pacing
wires, central line, etc)
Vfib can be induced with
how many microamps of
microshock electrical
current applied directly to
the myocardium?
100 microamps (0.1 mA)
Microshock of
______________
recommended with maximal
60 Hz leakage current for
pacer wires, PA catheters,
etc.
10 microamps (0.01 mA)
An electrosurgical unit
(ESU) does what?
provides hemostasis during
surgery; Current passes
from tip of cautery thru
tissue and back to machine
via grounding pad and wire
What is the current that
flows through an ESU? Usually 300-3000 KHz
Bipolar cautery is preferred
in which patients? patients with pacemakers
Most common source of
thermal injury to patient ESU (electrosurgical unit)
How does bipolar cautery
work?
Current flows from each tip
of cautery so doesn’t flow
thru body
Where should you never
place a grounding pad?
between heart and surgical
area
What does "grounded"
mean?
there is a connection
between the electrical circuit
and earth ground
What is a safety feature of
OR outlets and equipment?
All outlets and equipment
are grounded
An isolation transformer is
used to?
isolate the electrical system
in the OR and a safety
feature to protect against
macroshock
How does an isolation
transformer work?
Uses electromagnetic
induction to induce a current
in a secondary ungrounded
system; voltage potential
between live and neutral
lines but no voltage
difference between two
working lines and ground; if
working properly, a circuit
cannot be completed
What is a first fault?
If a short circuit develops b/t
two working lines, potential
develops b/t the lines and
ground, creating a potential
for shock
What is a line isolation
monitor?
detects current leakage
caused by first fault and
sounds an alarm
If line alarm monitor sounds
what should you do?
the fault must be found;
equipment should be
unplugged in reverse order
that it was plugged in
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