NUR 2571 Exam 1 Material {UPDATED} – Rasmussen College
Nursing II Exam 1 Material Notes
Chapters 54 & 55
Upper GI Tract Dysfunction; Chapters 54&55
• Know lab values for exam.
• GERD
o Gastric content leaks i
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NUR 2571 Exam 1 Material {UPDATED} – Rasmussen College
Nursing II Exam 1 Material Notes
Chapters 54 & 55
Upper GI Tract Dysfunction; Chapters 54&55
• Know lab values for exam.
• GERD
o Gastric content leaks into the esophagus due to weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric stenosis.
o Alcohol, cigarettes, pregnancy, obesity, medications, and hiatal hernia increase risk of GERD.
Education on cessation of alcohol and cigarettes.
• Avoid bending of laying flat after eating, take medications, encourage weight loss.
o Gastric content has pH of 0.8-1.5
o Signs and symptoms include dyspepsia, regurgitation, belching, dysphagia, epigastric pain and heartburn.
o Increase of abdominal pressure = GERD episode.
o Treatment includes management of foods/substances linked with GERD episodes, antacids, histamine blockers and proton pump inhibitors.
(Maalox, Mylanta, famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole.)
o Review IGGY pg. 1088, Table 54-1
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• Urolithiasis
o Signs and symptoms include severe pain, flank pain radiating to groin, abdominal distention, fever and chills.
Monitor for renal function, intake and output.
o Causative factors include dehydration.
o Treatment depends on size of stone. 5mm of smaller usually pass on their own, stones greater than 5mm require surgery. Strain urine, monitor renal function, increase fluids, push stone through.
• Urinary retention
o Causative factors include BPH, surgery, medications, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiparkinsonian agents and antihypertensives.
o Signs and symptoms are larger intake than output, frequent but scant urinations, suprapubic discomfort, post-void residual.
o Educate on reporting signs of UTI and increased fluid intake. Monitor I&Os, facilitate voiding.
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