AMH UNIT 1- 18 Questions & Answers

AMH UNIT 1- 18 Questions & Answers After sailing westward, in what part of the world did Columbus think he had landed? - ✔✔Asia (East Indies) After the destruction of the Spanish Armada, he was commissioned to raid Sp ...

AMH UNIT 1- 18 Questions & Answers After sailing westward, in what part of the world did Columbus think he had landed? - ✔✔Asia (East Indies) After the destruction of the Spanish Armada, he was commissioned to raid Spanish towns and treasure in the New World, leading to his circumnavigation of the world in 1577. - ✔✔Drake In 1531, he led an expedition into South America and began the conquest of the Inca Empire. - ✔✔Francisco Pizarro In 1682, this French explorer traveled the length of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed all that land for France. - ✔✔Robert la Salle Supposedly looking for the mythical "fountain of youth", this Spanish conquistador explored present day Florida. - ✔✔Ponce de Leon this Pueblo shaman/holy man led a revolt against the Spanish and drove them out of New Mexico - ✔✔Pope' He established the first permanent French settlement in North America and founded Quebec as the capital of "New France". - ✔✔Samuel de Champlain These were land holdings, whereby Spanish conquistadors and overlords brutally controlled Indian land and labor. - ✔✔ecomiendas He landed in Mexico in 1519, and led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. - ✔✔Hernando Cortez He sailed the coast of the New World in 1499 and determined it to be a new continental mass - ✔✔Amerigo Vespucc England would base her later claims to New World territories on his explorations beginning in 1497. - ✔✔John Cabot These people were the first Europeans to discover and explore the New World, some 500 years before the "Age of discovery". - ✔✔Scandinavians This was the great capital city of the Aztecs that was captured by the Spanish, leading to the downfall of the Empire. - ✔✔Tenochtitan This refers to the transfer of plants, animals, culture, and disease between Europe, Africa, and the New World after discovery. - ✔✔Columbian exchange Study Guide question - Which best describes the factors that drove the European discovery and exploration of the New World. - ✔✔The desire for conquest, gain in wealth, and rise of nation states This was one of the few known 'Inca' strongholds that was not discovered by the Spanish. - ✔✔Machu Picchu He founded Georgia Colony in 1733 as a utopia, where rum and slavery were banned, and there was religious freedom - ✔✔James Oglethorpe Granted land in 1681, he would create a colony built upon Quaker principles of toleration and form an elected government structure that allowed for changes to accommodate local conditions and needs. - ✔✔William Penn Anne Hutchinson's ability to defend herself against court charges was based on her understanding of what? - ✔✔the Bible The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam was taken by the English in 1664. After that, it was renamed what? - ✔✔New York Jamestown was founded under a charter granted to? - ✔✔Virginia Company of London Off the coast of Virginia, Sir Walter Raleigh established an ill fated colony in 1587 that disappeared with no trace from this island. - ✔✔Roanoke Island This colony was the first English proprietary colony, established in 1634 as a haven for 'Catholics' who were shunned in England. - ✔✔maryland This colony was established in 1620 after the settlers agreed to create a government based on the Mayflower Compact. - ✔✔Plymouth colony Under its original charter, Jamestown was founded for the basic purpose of being what? - ✔✔a commercial venture After one of their villages was set upon and burned by settlers, this war erupted in 1637 when Indians attacked white settlements in retaliation. - ✔✔Pequot War He was banished from Massachusetts after he challenged Church leaders and called for the separation of "church and colony (state)" authority. - ✔✔Roger Williams This Indian confederation was able to hold and expand their lands by playing the English and French against each other. - ✔✔Iroquois League The Mayflower Compact created what kind of government for the Plymouth colony? - ✔✔government by the consent of the colony's members (people) Georgia Colony was envisioned and chartered by the English Crown for what purpose? - ✔✔to act as a buffer to Spanish Florida Study Guide question - Which of these best recounts the development of Jamestown? - ✔✔problems with food, disease, Indians - later success with Smith and growth of tobacco These were offered by the Virginia Company to encourage people to settle in the New World by offering tracts of land as an incentive. - ✔✔headrights This type of trade was developed to make each leg of the routes between Europe, Africa, and the New World profitable. - ✔✔triangular trade His trial in 1735 addressed the issue of "freedom of speech" after he published criticisms of the governor of New York - ✔✔John Zenger his religious movement swept across the colonies and led to the questioning of authority and the establishment of new religious denominations and their colleges. - ✔✔Great Awakening This form of servitude allowed people who otherwise could not afford the cost of passage, to make their way to the New World. - ✔✔indenturement This refers to the growth of human understanding and exchange of ideas that saw superstition give way to reason, science, and a new respect for humanity. - ✔✔the Enlightenment This revolt resulted in the burning of Jamestown in 1676 as frontier farmers in Virginia rebelled when the governor refused to support their demands to use the militia against local Indians. - ✔✔Bacon's Rebellion The "mercantile system" was implemented by Charles II as an economic model to accomplish what? - ✔✔use the colonies for raw materials and as markets for England. He was made "royal governor" over the Dominion of New England by King James II and held near total authority. - ✔✔Edmund Andros These were a series of laws passed by Parliament over a seventy-five period to take greater control of England's colonial economic activity. - ✔✔Navigation Acts What were "writs of assistance"? - ✔✔broad and general search warrents that did not specify place As First Minister, he determined to win the 'war for empire' against France by moving the bulk of the English Navy and Army to North America in 1756. - ✔✔William Pitt The execution of three Wampanoag Indians led to this war of slaughter against New England settlers, beginning in 1675. - ✔✔King Philip's War This bloodless revolt led to the overthrow and abdication of the Catholic King James II and the crowning of William and Mary. - ✔✔Glorious Revolution This English philosopher's "Two Treatises on Government" refuted the divine right of kings and stated that subjects had the right to life, liberty, and property. - ✔✔John Locke This treaty ended the French and Indian War with England gaining all of Canada, and all lands east of the Mississippi River. - ✔✔Treaty (Peace) of Paris of 1763 Which of these best recounts the events and effects of the Great Awakening? - ✔✔early halfway covenants and Whitefield - later questioning of authority and new colleges After the French and Indian War, this accord was set in place to end confrontations with the Ohio Valley Indians by forbidding any further settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. - ✔✔Proclamation of 1763 In 1760, he became the new monarch of England, forced William Pitt from office, and began to increase the alienation of the American colonies eventually leading to the Revolution. - ✔✔George III As First Minister, he determined that the American colonies were going to have to foot the bill for their administration and protection after the French and Indian War - ✔✔George Grenville This taxation levied by Parliament on the American colonies placed a tax on almost all printed items and documents in the American colonies. - ✔✔Stamp Act The Committees of Correspondence began to form in 1772 for what purpose? - ✔✔so colonies could keep each other informed of English actions and to issue grievances He published "Common Sense" as an attack on the tyranny of the crown and a call for independence. - ✔✔Thomas Paine This colonial legislative body met one month after Lexington and Concord, authorized the formation of the Continental Army, and appointed George Washington as General in Chief. - ✔✔2nd Continental Congress This group became responsible for organizing and enforcing the boycott of English goods after the Boston Tea Party. - ✔✔Continental Association Referred to as a terrorist organization in England, this society formed as a resistance to the Stamp Act and then led the way toward growing revolt. - ✔✔Sons of Liberty After repealing the Stamp Act, Parliament passed the "Declaratory Act" in 1766 reaffirming what? - ✔✔Parliament still held the authority in all cases to make any laws for its colonies. The Exchequer, Charles Townshend pushed through Parliament a series of import duties for the American colonies in 1767 under what assumption? - ✔✔The colonists would be more favorable to indirect taxation on imports than direct taxation This confrontation in the Carolina back-country over taxation, representation, and property seizures was an early sign of American sectionalism - ✔✔Regulator War He was branded as the "most dangerous man in the colonies" for his revolutionary agitation and leaflet printing. - ✔✔Samuel Adams This 1770 British assault on colonists in Massachusetts saw some five colonists shoot dead in the city street, including the slave/freedman Crispus Attucks, who is believed to have been the first to be killed. - ✔✔Boston Massacre What was the result of the Quebec Act of 1774 and how was it received in the American colonies? - ✔✔Extended the province into the Ohio Valley and was seen as anther slap in the face by American colonists Which 'best' describes what the 'Coercive Acts' (Intolerable Acts) consisted of and require? - ✔✔The Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Quartering Act and cost of the destroyed tea What does 'manumission' refer to? - ✔✔the release and freedom offered to slaves during the American Revolution This document created the first central government of the United States. - ✔✔Articles of Confederation This battle became the "turning point" of the American Revolution as it brought about the open alliance with France. - ✔✔Saratoga This agreement officially ended the American Revolution - ✔✔Treaty of Paris of 1783 As a leader of Colonial troops in the south, he used guerrilla warfare tactics to help defeat the English. - ✔✔Nathanael Greene Who were the Hessians? - ✔✔German mercenary troops used by England The Continental Army can best be described as what? - ✔✔a voluntary citizens army This was considered to be the "low point" of the Revolution for Colonial forces and possibly Washington's greatest hour. - ✔✔Valley Forge In the colonies, the word "torries" referred to who? - ✔✔Colonial loyalists to the crown The Continental Army was supported by what other forces? - ✔✔militias Early in the Revolution, other than the English, the second greatest threat to the Continental Army was what? - ✔✔small pox What obstacle stood in the way of Washington's attack on the Hessian troops at Trenton? - ✔✔Delaware River At Trenton, Washington began the early advance of his forces against the Hessians when? - ✔✔on Christmas At the Battle of Saratoga, he was one of the heroes as he rallied Colonial forces and led them to victory. - ✔✔Benedict Arnold Cornwallis surrender his forces here in 1781, effectively ending the American Revolution. - ✔✔Yorktown These are considered to be among the more important battles during the American Revolution because. - ✔✔Lexington/Concord (shot heard around the world), Saratoga (turning point of the war), and Yorktown (surrender of Cornwallis) What was the status of slavery in the Northwest Territory? - ✔✔the territory was closed to slavery This 1786 revolt in Massachusetts resulting in part from farm foreclosures and saw an inability of the federal government to act, leading many to see the need for a stronger central government. - ✔✔Shay's Rebellion How did the 'Great Compromise' solve the question of representation? - ✔✔By allowing for both proportional and equal representation. The "Federalist (essays)" were written and published for what purpose? - ✔✔in favor of and to explain the new Constitution Alexander Hamilton argued that the Federal government held what powers beyond its delegated authority? - ✔✔implied powers When England and France entered into war again, President Washington issued this 'declaration' that the United States would remain 'impartial' and not take sides - ✔✔Neutrality Proclamation Among other sources the United States Constitution implemented the ideas from what two proposed plans? - ✔✔The Virginia and New Jersey plans The idea to form a new federal government to replace the Articles of Confederation was implemented by what assembly? - ✔✔Constitutional Convention What did the Three-Fifths Compromise hypocritically allow for? - ✔✔including the slave population for representative purposes In 1794, the United States and England signed 'this treaty' in which Britian turned over forts in the Northwest Territory and the United States paid outstanding debts to the English. - ✔✔Jay's Treaty This controversy occurred after French delegates demanded bribes and payments before they would negotiate with U.S. ambassadors in 1797. - ✔✔XYZ Affair Alexander Hamilton successfully argued for the creation of this on the grounds that it would provide credit and currency for the country's economy. - ✔✔National Bank This negotiation with Spain settled the dispute over the territorial border concerning Florida. - ✔✔Pinckney's Treaty This revolt over a federal excise tax saw Washington lead troops into Pennsylvania to enforce federal law. - ✔✔Whiskey Rebellion Which of these best explains the election of 1796? - ✔✔It was the first 'partisan' election between clearly defined political parties Which of these best explains the major significance of the election of 1800? - ✔✔It saw the free transfer of political power without the necessity of death or force In 1804, Lewis and Clark led this group of 50 men on an exploration of the Louisiana Territory. - ✔✔Corp of Discovery The act of "impressment refers to what? - ✔✔English detainment of American sailors forced into service in the English Navy In 1807, this Act of Congress banned all export of cargo from American Ports, and stopped most imports as well. - ✔✔Embargo Act of 1807 The case of Marbury vs. Madison in 1803, established what precedence with Chief Justice Marshall's ruling? - ✔✔Judicial Review In 1808, how did new legislation passed by Congress effect the slave trade in the United States? - ✔✔The importation of slaves into the United States was now prohibited and illega This battle after the end of the War of 1812 led Americans to believe they had won the war and made Andrew Jackson a national hero. - ✔✔Battle of New Orleans In 1804, Aaron Burr was involved with New England Federalists in this plot to break with the Union and create a "Northern Confederacy". - ✔✔Essex Junto This treaty ended the War of 1812 without settling the major disputes between the United States and England - ✔✔Treaty of Ghent In 1808, he became president and implemented a new policy of "peaceful coercion" with England and France. - ✔✔James Madison War Hawks in Congress were calling for war with England because of what concerns/beliefs? - ✔✔They felt that American honor was being violated by England on the high seas, and that Indian attacks were caused by British intrigue He led an Indian coalition in one last attempt to drive white settlers out of the Ohio Valley and was later killed during the War of 1812. - ✔✔Tecumseh In 1806, Aaron Burr was involved in this intrigue to split lower Louisiana territory away from the Union and form an independent nation-state. - ✔✔Burr Conspiracy In 1814, New England Federalists held this extended conference and called for changes to the Constitution to limit federal power - ✔✔Hartford Convention Name given to Berber Arab terrorists along the coast of north Africa that attacked shipping and extorted money across the Mediterranean Sea. - ✔✔Barbary Pirates As president, his administration saw the near doubling of the nation's land and the time period or era was named after him. - ✔✔Thomas Jefferson Which of the following best describes the strategies employed during the War of 1812? - ✔✔The U.S. and England both employed strategies that called for three prong plans of attack In 1816, this was chartered as the new federal bank for the country after the earlier bank's charter had expired during the War of 1812. - ✔✔Bank of U.S. (B.U.S.) Built in 1815, this linked the Ohio Valley with the East coast, and expanded commerce westward - ✔✔National Road In 1816, he was elected president of the United States as the last president to have direct ties to the American Revolution and looked to expand the nation's influence in the western hemisphere. - ✔✔James Monroe This agreement in 1817 limited the number of naval vessels that the United States and England could have on the Great Lakes. - ✔✔Rush-Bagot Agreement This agreement/treaty with England extended the 49th parallel border with Canada out to the Rocky Mts. - ✔✔Convention of 1818 He threw his support behind John Quincy Adams in 1824, allowing Adams to win the presidential election - ✔✔Henry Clay He won the election of 1828 with the support of the 'common man' vote and eventually had the era named for him. - ✔✔Andrew Jackson This agreement with Spain set the western border of the Louisiana Territory and Spanish territory. - ✔✔Transcontinental Treaty The most significant difference between the election of 1824 and 1828 had to do with what? - ✔✔The reduction and/or elimination of property qualifications and expansion of common man votes The peaceful and prosperous period of James Monroe's presidency is referred to as what? - ✔✔Era of Good Feelings The wave of national pride and patriotism that swept over the country after the War of 1812 is best described as and called what - ✔✔Nationalism As Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, his early leadership moved the branch toward a more equal footing of shared power with the other branches. - ✔✔John Marshall This economic recession was one of the first economic downturns to hit the county as excessive land speculation coupled with excessive printing of paper money bank notes led to economic decline. - ✔✔Panic of 1819 The Missouri Compromise looked to maintain what equilibrium within the Union? - ✔✔Equal number of free and slave states Which of these best describes the result of the Missouri Compromise? - ✔✔The Compromise set boundaries for the expansion of slavery and brought Maine and Missouri into the Union Which of these best explains the details of the Monroe Doctrine? - ✔✔The U.S. would allow no further European colonization in western hemisphere, but would not interfere with existing colonies What was the Second Great Awakening responding to and led to what form of gathering? - ✔✔It was a response to the "religious secularism" of the day and saw 'camp meetings' This was the most successful of the 'reforms' during the first age of American reform. - ✔✔temperance He sent explorers westward and then led the Mormons to their "Zion" in Utah. - ✔✔Brigham Young American literature in the 19th century came of age and became an expression of what? - ✔✔American adventurism and culture This movement slowly began to gain support in the face of northern and southern prejudice in developing ideas the end enslavement in the United States. - ✔✔abolition What two books of the same name did the French diplomat Alex de Tocqueville write, describing American society, government and culture? - ✔✔Democracy in America He founded the Mormon Church and was later murdered when he called for a Mormon army to rise and help him become president. - ✔✔Joseph Smith He was known as the "high priest" of Transcendentalism, and lectured extensively across the country on its behalf. - ✔✔Ralph Waldo Emerson She led the national movement to reform prisons and asylums, beginning at the state level. - ✔✔Dorthea Dix This 'development' during the first age of American reform led to a shift in authority to mothers in households that saw the men go off to work. - ✔✔factory system This movement saw the creation of communities that looked to develop different social environments and outcomes, several with shared work and profit. - ✔✔utopian communalism These women were two of the leading feminist activists and organizers for the women's rights movement in the mid-1800s.. - ✔✔Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton The Seneca Falls Convention was the first national meeting of gender supporters for this initiative. - ✔✔women's rights movement He wrote "Civil Disobedience" in 1849, as a protest against laws that require individuals to support or commit "injustices".against others. - ✔✔David Thoreau He developed the early ideas for education - calendar school year, course curriculum, and teacher training. - ✔✔Horace Mann These were some of the major developments during the 'First Age of American Reform'. - ✔✔Utopian communalism and women's rights Abolition movement and Second Great Awakening the temperance movement and the factory system ALL OF THESE This was the belief that the providence of God ordained the expansion of American democratic ideals and institutions across the continent ? - ✔✔manifest destiny He was known as the "pathfinder", blazing the Oregon trail, while encouraging western settlement. Later he would run for president as the first Republican Party candidate in 1856. - ✔✔John Fremont Before winning the presidential election of 1844 he pledged to carry forward the ideal of manifest destiny if elected by securing Texas and lands west toward California. - ✔✔James Polk At the Battle of San Jacinto, this Mexican leader was defeated by the Texans, taken prisoner, and forced to sign a treaty leading to Texas' independence. - ✔✔Santa Anna This trail became the leading route of trade and commerce between the United States and Mexico after 1821 with the 'peso' used early on as the common currency of exchange. - ✔✔Santa Fe Trail He lead American forces in an amphibious landing of Marines at Veracruz, and then proceeded to take Mexico City. - ✔✔Winfield Scott He led Texas Army forces in the defeat of Santa Anna leading to Texas independence and then was elected first President of the Texas Republic. - ✔✔Sam Houston This treaty settled the dispute with Britain over the border between the state of Maine and Canada - passage rumored to have been helped with the use of a forged map. - ✔✔WebsterAshburton Treaty He became president with the death of Harrison, but was expelled from the Whig Party in 1841. - ✔✔John Tyler What was the Mexican-American War the direct result of? - ✔✔The United States annexation of Texas in 1845. This treaty ended the Mexican-American War, fulfilling the ideal of "manifest destiny" by carrying the nation's territory out to the Pacific Ocean. - ✔✔Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The United States and England agreed to extend this territorial boundary out to the Pacific Ocean, completing the border with Canada - ✔✔49th Parallel This war was the result of the implementation of the ideal of 'manifest destiny' starting with the annexation of Texas. - ✔✔Mexican - American War John Fremont helped blaze this path westward and then promoted it as the way to a new and better American life. - ✔✔Oregon Trail With the party expelling Tyler, he became the de facto leader of the Whig Party behind his American System ideals. - ✔✔Henry Clay Which of these best describes the outbreak and waging of the Mexican-American War? - ✔✔The U.S. sent Taylor to take up defensive positions along the Rio Grande River Winfield Scott landed 14,000 men at Veracruz and captured Mexico City The U.S annexed Texas and Mexico broke off diplomatic relations ALL OF THESE Andrew Jackson vetoed this infrastructure 'legislation' in 1830, stating that it was mostly a state project that would benefit Kentucky and should be funded by state money - others saw the veto as political payback. - ✔✔Maysville Road Bill John C. Calhoun put forth this argument in favor of 'nullification'? - ✔✔South Carolina Exposition and Protest This dire calamity in 1832 nearly brought South Carolina to open revolt against the Union over tariffs. - ✔✔Nullification Crisis As head of the B.U.S., he led the bank to becoming the largest lending institution in the country by the end of the 1820's, but had to fight Jackson over its funding. - ✔✔Nicholas Biddle This congressional legislation in 1836, required that all future federal land purchases be made with "hard money". - ✔✔1836 Specie Circular Act What was the belief behind "Nativism"? - ✔✔It was a cultural belief that saw the new immigrants as threats to American culture and jobs. This political party, also known as the Know Nothing Party was formed in the mid-1800's as a negative response to the influx of immigration into the country at that time. - ✔✔American Party What effects did the Erie Canal have on business? - ✔✔It reduced both the cost of transportation and the time of travel What was the "Lowell System"? - ✔✔The process whereby all production of a finish product was accomplished at one unified factory, supported by a model workers community of opportunities Passed during the Van Buren administration, this legislation called for the removal of federal monies from banks and divested the federal government from banking activities in 1840. - ✔✔Independent Treasury Act After serving as Jackson's vice-president, he won the election of 1836 and carried forward Jackson efforts to kill the Bank of the U.S. (B.U.S.). - ✔✔Martin Van Buren This political party developed in opposition to Jacksonian policies and included Clay supporters, westerners, banking interests, and state's rights activists. - ✔✔Whig Party The 'spoils system' refers to what administrative action started by Andrew Jackson? - ✔✔Replacing various sitting government bureaucrats with his own selections Removing government bureaucrats that were alcoholics and drunks Dismissing government officials that were incompetent ALL OF THESE The 'Trail of Tears' refers to what event? - ✔✔Brutal removal of Eastern Native Americans that resulted in death Which of these best explains the economic and industrial growth preceding the the American Civil War? - ✔✔A communications revolution was driven by the telegraph, pony express, and railway systems A transportation revolution occurred driven by expanding roads, railways and canals Land grants opened the way for western expansion of agriculture and cotton production ALL OF THESE Which of these best explains the 'Nullification Crisis'? - ✔✔South Carolina refused to enforce the collection of a new federal tariff President Jackson threatened to send Federal troops in S.Carolina to uphold the law South Carolina mobilized its militia, but Henry clay found a compromise ALL OF THESE She became a major "conductor" on the Underground Railroad, helping hundreds of people escape slavery by repeatedly reentering the South. - ✔✔Harriet Tubman After escaping from slavery, he became a leading abolitionist and later was an adviser to President Lincoln. - ✔✔Fredrick Douglas Which of these 'best' describes the efforts of various abolitionists to end slavery? - ✔✔They called for a gradual phasing out of slavery They called for the immediate end to slavery They looked to deport slaves to nations/areas in Africa. This 1831 slave revolt was one of the worst in Virginia history and saw a growing slave band move from plantation to plantation eventually killing over 50 whites before beginning brutally suppressed. - ✔✔Nat Turner's Insurrection This former slave became an outspoken abolitionist and women's rights activist calling for the end to slavery while weaving stories of the everyday lives of slaves and their humanity. - ✔✔Sojourner Truth This legislation in 1854 repealed the 36.30 clause of the Missouri Compromise and allowed for the possibility of slavery in the northern areas of the Louisiana territory. - ✔✔Kansas-Nebraska Act This legislation admitted California into the Union as a free state and made no restrictions against slavery in the Southwest territories. - ✔✔Compromise of 1850 This political party formed in the early-to-mid 1850's opposing the expansion of slavery and ran John Fremont as its first presidential candidate in 1856, then saw its candidate Abraham Lincoln elected as president in 1860. - ✔✔Republican Party The issue of slavery led to 'this armed conflict' which saw 'these outsiders' cross over into the territory in what became a precursor to the coming civil war. - ✔✔Bleeding Kansas and border ruffians As part of the Compromise of 1850, what did the Fugitive Slave Act require? - ✔✔Required Northern states and officials to assist in the return of runaway slaves This social/political ideal was put forth by Steven Douglas in the senate election debates with Lincoln in 1858, pointing out that any territory, state, or community could set exclusions, including slavery. - ✔✔Freeport Doctrine This violent abolitionist would attempt to start an uprising by capturing the U.S. Armory at Harper's Ferry in Virginia. His arrest and execution would make him a martyr for the cause. - ✔✔John Brown In this decision, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens, could therefore not sue in court, and that the federal government could not regulate slavery in the territories. - ✔✔Dred Scott Case Her international bestselling book 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' revealed the brutal darker side of slavery and increased the growing outcry against slavery. - ✔✔Harriet Beecher Stowe This was the concept that the populations in the newly aquired territories had the sovereign right to self-determination in deciding whether-or-not to allow slavery. - ✔✔Popular Sovereignty Which of these 'best' reflects the Presidential election of 1860? - ✔✔The election split the county over the issue of slavery with no less than four candidates running. Lincoln's election led to the secession of southern states. The first shots of the American Civil War were fired where and in what state? - ✔✔Fort Sumter, S. Carolina The Anaconda Plan was whose idea, and what did it call for? - ✔✔Winfield Scott's plan to blockade the Confederacy, divide it in two and strangle it to death This general was an excellent organizer and was placed in charge of Union forces twice, but repeatedly failed to take decisive action in battle. - ✔✔George McClellan These were Northern Democrats that opposed Union war policy and looked for a negotiated peace with the Confederacy. - ✔✔Copperheads Why did Lincoln feel it necessary to occupy Maryland with federal troops and declare martial law in the state at the start of the Civil War? - ✔✔To avoid having the nation's capital possibly surrounded by Confederate territory and to round up Confederate supporters This amendment to the Constitution established the citizenship of anyone born in the United States, including former slaves? - ✔✔Fourteenth Amendment These two Union commanders led the nation's armed forces to final victory over the Confederacy. - ✔✔Grant and Sherman In 1863, President Lincoln issued the 'Emancipation Proclamation' declaring the immediate freedom of slaves where? - ✔✔in territories under the control of the Confederacy After the war, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was a response by Congress to what, and what did it stipulate? - ✔✔It was in response to the "Black Codes", and it granted citizenship to everyone born in the United States. What did the "Reconstruction Acts" consist of and what where they designed to do? - ✔✔These were three laws enacted by Congress to control the southern states and the president. These were legislations enacted by Congress to control the terrorist organizations What does 'impeachment' refer to and what two presidents have been impeached? - ✔✔The filing of formal charges against a government official (not removal from office) - Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton What were the stipulations of the 'Enforcement Acts' passed by Congress? - ✔✔They outlawed all terrorist organizations, and placed elections under federal supervision. What were 'Black Codes' and what did they look to do? - ✔✔They were southern attempts to restrict the rights of former slaves These terms refer to 'northerners' that took government positions in the south after the Civil War and 'southerners' who cooperated with them. - ✔✔carpetbaggers and scalawags The Compromise of 1877 settled the disputed 1876 vote in the South by stipulating what? - ✔✔Rutherford Hayes would be president and remaining federal troops would be withdrawn from the South Which of these battles can best be described as turning points of the America Civil War? - ✔✔Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Atlanta