Sophia Ancient Greek Philosophers
Milestone 1
1
When Crito tries to convince Socrates that he must not betray his own life, how does Socrates respond?
He says that life would not be worth living if the principle of j
...
Sophia Ancient Greek Philosophers
Milestone 1
1
When Crito tries to convince Socrates that he must not betray his own life, how does Socrates respond?
He says that life would not be worth living if the principle of justice was violated.
RATIONALE
In the Crito, Socrates' friend (Crito) tried to convince him to escape and avoid execution. Socrates refused to do so, and exhe believed that he would violate the principle of justice (established by the Social Contract) by avoiding death, Socrates rCONCEPT
The Crito: The Duties of the Social Contract
2
Being a good parent is a __________ condition for having a child.
Apply conceptual analysis to this statement and choose the answer that correctly describes the relationship.
sufficient, not necessary
RATIONALE
Being a good parent is not a necessary condition, or logical requirement, for having a child because there are people who parent a sufficient, but not a necessary condition for having a child.
CONCEPT
Plato: An academic approach to concepts
3
Which branch of philosophy examines the ultimate nature of reality?
Metaphysics
RATIONALE
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with discovering and describing the ultimate nature of reality. Cepistemology analyzes and defends concepts of knowledge.
CONCEPT
What is Philosophy?
4
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Which of the following statements about the metaphysical tenets of Plato’s Doctrine of the Forms is FALSE?
There is no knowledge because everything is in a state of transition and nothing is true.
RATIONALE
The statement that "There is no knowledge because everything is in a state of transition and nothing is true" is the opposi(i.e., Forms), which are real, unchanging, perfect entities that exist in an intellectual realm called Platonic Heaven. The ForCONCEPT
Plato Forms: The Foundations of Being
5
Heraclitus developed __________, which stated that all things change over time.
the Doctrine of Flux
RATIONALE
Heraclitus developed the Doctrine of Flux, and defined flux as "continuous change." The doctrine maintains that everythinCONCEPT
Heraclitus and the Doctrine of Impermanence
6
For Plato, the Forms are the __________ foundation of reality, which means that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowmetaphysical
RATIONALE
Plato was interested in abstract concepts (e.g., being and substance). These concepts are the subjects of the field of philosPlato's Forms were his metaphysical notion of the essences that ground the knowledge of reality.
CONCEPT
Plato's Forms: The Objects of Knowledge
7
A Stoic avoids looking for good in external things and recognizes that value __________.
lies in our judgment of the world
RATIONALE
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Stoicism is a philosophical approach that encourages people to focus only on what they can control (e.g., their desires, emStoicism directs people to focus on their internal values rather than external rewards.
CONCEPT
Stoicism: The Ethics of Dispassion
8
While I have lived in my home, my rent has increased every year.
My salary has remained the same for three years.
Next year, I will probably be in a better financial situation.
Evaluate the argument and select the option that describes it.
Inductive, weak, uncogent
RATIONALE
Because the inferential claim is of less-than-logical certainty, and is about probability, this is an inductive argument. It is a an argument must be strong to be cogent.
CONCEPT
Evaluating an Argument in Action
9
Which of the following statements about the atomistic worldview is FALSE?
A philosophical atom is the same as a chemical atom.
RATIONALE
The atomists believed that everything that exists is either an atom, or a collection of atoms. They also believed that all maphilosophical atom is not the same as a chemical atom. To the atomists, a philosophical atom was an indivisible entity. CheCONCEPT
The Atomistic Worldview
10
Kenny is a chef who is trying to determine how carefully he should focus on details while doing his job. He wants to avoid details, the quality of the food he prepares will be inconsistent.
According to Aristotle’s ethics, this is an example of the __________.
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Doctrine of the Mean
RATIONALE
Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean states that virtue must be cultivated as a rational mean between extremes. Kenny's effortCONCEPT
Aristotle's Highest Good
11
Which of the following is NOT an example of Aristotle’s notion of hylomorphism?
A statue and a human being
RATIONALE
Aristotle's notion of hylomorphism states that being is a relationship, a union of form and matter. All of the examples that(matter) and a human being (form); human beings (matter) and the soul (form). There is no ontological relationship betweCONCEPT
Aristotle on What There Is
12
When Alan joins the military, he discovers that the philosophy of Stoicism is popular with his fellow soldiers.
All of the following describe reasons why Stoicism is a good fit for the military, EXCEPT:
Courage in battle is measured by the efficiency of one's actions.
RATIONALE
All of these statements indicate why Stoicism is a good fit for the military except for the suggestion that it improves couracontrol, thus enhancing their courage. However, the principles of Stoicism do not create a relationship between courage aCONCEPT
Stoicism: The Ethics of Dispassion
13
Select the statement that would most likely have been made by Aristotle.
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“We must begin with the world we encounter every day, rather than with the abstraction of metaphysics.”
RATIONALE
The statement that "We must begin with the world we encounter every day" reflects Aristotle's philosophical approach. Toinvolve change are reflective of Parmenides and the Atomists. The statement about truth existing independent of wisdomCONCEPT
Aristotle: The Dissection of Reality
14
When Socrates is asked about suicide in the Phaedo, he repli
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