Ecology Review Questions and Answers Rated A

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Ecology Review Questions and Answers Rated A ecology ✔✔the study of organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment biosphere ✔✔all areas of the planet where life exists including land, water and air populations ✔✔groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area communities ✔✔different populations that live together in a defined area ecosystem ✔✔collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment autotroph ✔✔organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer heterotroph ✔✔an orgasnism that must ingest or east to get energy and organic compounds producer ✔✔an organism that makes its own food, also called an autotroph primary consumers ✔✔organisms that get energy and nutrients by eating producers secondary consumers ✔✔organisms that eat primary consumers herbivore ✔✔organism that obtains energy by eating only plants omnivore ✔✔organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals carnivore ✔✔organism that obtains energy by eating other animals detrivore ✔✔organism that obtains its energy by feeding on dead organisms or wastes decomposers ✔✔organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return raw materials to the environment food chain ✔✔a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten food web ✔✔a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, the interaction of many food chains trophic level ✔✔feeding level in an ecosystem energy pyramid ✔✔a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web pyramid of numbers ✔✔a representation of the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem biomass pyramid ✔✔represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level biogeochemical cycles ✔✔process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another predation ✔✔interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism symbiosis ✔✔the relation between two different species of organisms that are live closely together and are interdependent commensalism ✔✔symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed parasitism ✔✔symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it mutualism ✔✔symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship nitrogen fixation ✔✔process in which bacteria convert nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds plants can use to make proteins denitrification ✔✔conversion of nitrates in the soil by bacteria into nitrogen gas evaporation ✔✔the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas transpiration ✔✔loss of water from a plant through its leaves living components of an ecosystem ✔✔biotic factors nonliving components in an ecosystem ✔✔abiotic factors each trophic level receives about one-tenth of the energy of the level below it ✔✔10% rule

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