CPO Study Guide Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Optometrist ✔✔State-licensed independent primary health care provider
Eye health & vision exams, diagnosis & treatment of eye disease & vision disorders, detection of
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CPO Study Guide Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Optometrist ✔✔State-licensed independent primary health care provider
Eye health & vision exams, diagnosis & treatment of eye disease & vision disorders, detection of
general health problems, prescribing glasses & contacts, low vision rehab & therapy,
medications, and counseling patients on surgical options
Ophthalmologist ✔✔Physician that specializes in the medical and surgical care of the eye and
visual system and in the treatment of eye disease and injury
Optician ✔✔Prepares and dispenses eyeglasses, lenses, or related optical devices upon
prescription. Duplicates, measures, verifies, adapts fit, and adjusts eyeglasses to face. Can grind
lenses
Ophthalmic Medical Personnel ✔✔Work with ophthalmologists- collect patient data, administer
tests, take eye measurements. Does not make surgical or medical diagnoses- not licensed.
Paraoptometric ✔✔Works under direct supervision of a licensed doctor of optometry. Collects
patient data, administers tests, and assists in office management. May assist with patient care
examinations in contact lens, low vision, vision therapy, dispensing, and office management.
Anterior Chamber ✔✔Area inside the eye, behind the cornea, and in front of the iris. This area is
filled with clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor
Aqueous Humor ✔✔Clear, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. It fills the front part of the
posterior chamber and the entire anterior chamber. Provides nutrients for the lens and posterior
cornea and carries away waste products. It is also responsible for maintaining the intraocular
pressure
Choroid ✔✔Consists primarily of blood vessels that nourish the retina so that it can continue to
function. Sandwiched between the sclera and the retina
Ciliary Muscle ✔✔Muscle inside of the eyeball that alters the shape of the crystalline lens. Has
direct control over the focusing ability of the eye.
Conjunctiva ✔✔Clear, cellophane-like tissue that covers the sclera and the inside surface of the
eyelids.
Palpebral Conjunctiva ✔✔Lines the lids
Bulbar Conjunctiva ✔✔Covers the sclera
Accommodation ✔✔The focusing ability of the eye (lens & ciliary muscle)
Cornea ✔✔Clear, transparent tissue that is located on the vert front portion of the eye. Most
power refractive media of the eye- provides most of the ability to focus light. Curvature
somewhat greater than the rest of the orb- slight furrow where it joins sclera (limbus) Cornea is
avascular
5 Layers of the Cornea ✔✔From front to back:
Epithelium
Bowman's Layer
Stroma
Descemet's Membrane
Endothelium
Crystalline Lens ✔✔Resiliant, transparent structure in the eyeProvides focusing power to the
eye. Allows adjustment of the ye to focus from distance objects to near objects. Second most
powerful refractive medium
Extraocular Muscles ✔✔6 muscles attached to the sclera from the bones surround the eye that
aim the eyes in the direction we look
Medial Rectus ✔✔Most powerful- only action is to turn the eye toward the nose (adduction)
Inferior Rectus ✔✔Primary action is to turn the eye downward (depression) Also adducts the
eye. Can rotate the top of the eye toward the
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