American Revolution Questions and Answers Already Passed

American Revolution Questions and Answers Already Passed What was the first battle of the American Revolution? ✔✔Battle of Lexington and Concord Who was the British King during the war? ✔✔George III This system was u ...

American Revolution Questions and Answers Already Passed What was the first battle of the American Revolution? ✔✔Battle of Lexington and Concord Who was the British King during the war? ✔✔George III This system was used by the colonists to send messages to each other? ✔✔Committees of Correspondence America received foreign aid from this country. ✔✔France Who was the French military officer who served with General Washington? ✔✔Marquis de Lafayette This is where a series of battles became a turning point for the Revolutionary War. ✔✔Saratoga Which American general turned traitor and joined the British? ✔✔Benedict Arnold True or False? George Washington was the head of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence. ✔✔False Where did the last battle of the American Revolution take place? ✔✔Yorktown Peace negotiations were held in __________ at the end of the war. ✔✔Paris What did part 1 of the Declaration Of Independence state? ✔✔People's Basic Rights What did Part 2 of the Declaration Of Independence state? ✔✔Reasons for separation from Britain and violations made by Britain. What did Part 3 of the Declaration Of Independence state? ✔✔Declaration of Independence True Or False: Common Sense sold 1,000,000 copies in 6 months ✔✔False What was the date that the delegates signed the Declaration of Independence? ✔✔July 4, 1776 There was a large plantation owner from Virginia who was 33 years old. What was his job? Who was this person? ✔✔lawyer Thomas Jefferson What was NOT a decision the 2nd Continental Congress decided to do at the first meeting? ✔✔Sign the Declaration of Independence Whose strategy was to split New England from the other colonies? ✔✔Britain Who wrote Common Sense? ✔✔Thomas Paine How long was the war fought? ✔✔6 years Approximately how many soldiers fought in the Revolutionary War? ✔✔250,000 What city was NOT occupied by the British? ✔✔Plymouth Why did the slaves join the British? ✔✔They were promised freedom Name one of the groups that did most of the fighting. ✔✔Indentured Servants Who won the Battle of Concord? ✔✔America True or False~The Americans had a lot of supplies ✔✔False What was the first battle of the war? ✔✔Lexington Who won the battle of Bunker Hill? ✔✔Britain How many British were killed in the Battle of Bunker Hill? ✔✔1,000 How many Americans were killed in the Battle of Bunker Hill? ✔✔400 Why did the Indians join the war? ✔✔They wanted land back What was NOT part of the Battle of Bunker Hill? ✔✔Washington fooled Cornwallis This battle was a major battle that the British won. It had 1400 American deaths. What battle was this? ✔✔Battle of Long Island What were Hessians? ✔✔German soldiers hired by the British In the battle of Princeton, Washington fooled Cornwallis. How? ✔✔Left the fires burning then went behind the enemy lines and attacked Who was the Swamp Fox? ✔✔Francis Marion What was Valley Forge? ✔✔Washington's camp True or False. There was fighting in the Revolutionary War for more than a year before the United States declared independence from Britain. ✔✔True. The first shots of the war were fired near Boston in April 1775 but it was not until July 1776 that the Continental Congress declared independence from Britain. Where were the first shots of the American Revolutionary War fired? ✔✔Lexington, Massachusetts. British troops, sent to seize military supplies gathered near Boston by anti-British Americans, were confronted at Lexington by Americans. It is not known who fired the first shot but fighting broke out and several Americans were killed. The fighting continued at various places along the British line of march resulting in many casualties for the British and Americans. What term refers to the body of delegates from the colonies who met during the Revolutionary War until a constitutional government was finally formed near the end of the war? ✔✔The Continental Congress. The Continental Congress met in 1775. After independence was declared they continued to meet and do the best they could to raise money for the army, carry on diplomatic relations, and generally act as a government until a true government with an approved constitution was finally agreed upon in 1781. Why is July 4th, 1776 considered the birthday of the United States? ✔✔because the signing of the Declaration of Independence began on that day. Not all representatives to the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4th 1776 but the first signatures were put on the document on that date. It is generally agreed that on that day the thirteen colonies became the United States. Mercenary troops were brought from this place to help the British Army in America during the Revolutionary War. ✔✔the German state of Hesse. When the rebellion in America proved more difficult than anticipated to defeat, the British contracted with the ruler of the German state of Hesse to provide troops to fight in America. True or False. General George Washington was wounded while directing the American troops. ✔✔False. George Washington was not present at the Battle of Saratoga. The American victory in this battle is often called the turning point of the Revolutionary War in the South. ✔✔Battle of Kings Mountain. The American patriot forces defeated a substantial force of Loyalists (Americans who remained loyal to the British king) at Kings Mountain in North Carolina. This greatly contributed to turning the tide of the war which was mostly fought in the South after 1778. How did the French aid the American patriots during the Revolutionary War? ✔✔At the Battle of Yorktown, the US army, partly supplied by the French, was joined by French regiments, while a French fleet held the British fleet away from Yorktown so that the British army could be defeated. Name the young European volunteer who became a much valued general serving in George Washington's army. ✔✔Lafayette. The young Marquis de Lafayette left his home in France to offer his services to the American patriots. Washington made him an aide and Lafayette soon became almost like a son to Washington. He eventually was made a general and took part in the final battle of the war at Yorktown. True or False. John Paul Jones who fought in the American Revolutionary War, was successful in naval warfare against the British. ✔✔True. John Paul Jones won ship to ship battles against British warships and also carried out naval raids on British territory. What American victory convinced the British to accept the independence of their former colonies? ✔✔at Yorktown. The complete loss of a British army, led by General Cornwallis, at Yorktown after seven years of warfare led the British to believe that putting down the revolt of their former colonies would be too costly to be worthwhile if indeed it could be done at all. True or False. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 recognized US independence. ✔✔True. US independence was recognized by the Treaty of Paris of 1783 and it conceded territory to the US as far as the Mississippi River. The US did not make a permanent alliance with any nation until the NATO Alliance in 1949. Which general led the British forces that sparked Paul Revere's midnight ride? ✔✔Thomas Gage. Paul Revere warned the provincial Congress about the approach of British troops led by Thomas Gage. The British forces met the minutemen, and the American Revolution began. Which colony was General Gage the governor of? ✔✔Massachusetts. Before the Revolutionary War, Thomas Gage was sitting pretty as the governor of Massachusetts. Where was "the shot heard 'round the world" fired? ✔✔Lexington, Massachusetts. The shot heard 'round the world was fired in Lexington, Massachusetts. To this day, no one knows whether the British or the Patriots fired that first shot. Click here to learn more about the Revolution at Lexington and Concord. George Washington crossing the Deleware: which way was he going? ✔✔From Pennsylvania to New Jersey. On Christmas night 1776, Washington snuck across the Deleware River from Pennsylvania to New Jersey, for a stunning surprise attack that became known as the Battle of Trenton. If you chose Deleware to Pennsylvania, take away 100 geography points and then look at a map. True or False? The Battle of Bunker Hill actually took place on Bunker Hill. ✔✔False. Most of the fighting at the Battle of Bunker Hill actually took place on nearby Breed's Hill. The British surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781. To whom? ✔✔Lincoln. General Benjamin Lincoln. British General O'Hara (in place of General Cornwallis) tried to surrender to Washington. Washington sent the British general to Lincoln, who had been humiliated by the British when he was forced to give up Charlestown. So Benjamin Lincoln accepted the British surrender at Yorktown. Which day did the Continental Congress vote for the Declaration of Independence? ✔✔July 2nd. The Continental Congress voted for independence on July 2. John Adams wrote about the day: "I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival . . . It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward for ever more." ...Not quite. What of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution? ✔✔French military and financial assistance. True or False. The Declaration of Independence stated that people have the right to abolish governments destructive of their rights. ✔✔True True or False. The Declaration of Independence stated that there shall be no taxation without representation. ✔✔False British strategy after 1778 was to?: ✔✔seize key southern posts, enlist the aid of loyalist militiamen, and move northward to pacify one region after another. Why did relations between the elites and the common people change as a result of the American Revolution? ✔✔the elites learned that they would have to treat the common people with respect in order to receive their support. What was the role of African-Americans in the American Revolution? ✔✔Americans generally avoided arming blacks, but the British eagerly recruited runaway slaves. Why was South Carolina less likely than Maryland to support the American Revolution? ✔✔the South Carolina population had a much higher percentage of blacks than did the Maryland population. A problem with the Spanish entry into the American Revolution against Britain was that Spain? ✔✔entered as an ally of France rather than of the United States. General Charles Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown resulted largely from the? ✔✔French fleet winning control of the Chesapeake Bay. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated? ✔✔1) British recognition of American independence. 2) establishment of the boundaries of the new United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River between the Great Lakes and Spanish Florida. 3) that Americans allow British collection of prewar debts from colonists. What are Patriots otherwise known as? ✔✔Whigs True or False. The Declaration of Independence was signed before the Revolutionary War started. ✔✔False. Who was the first person to be killed in the Boston Massacre? ✔✔Crispus Attucks Which battle marked the turning point of the War in the American's favor? ✔✔Battle at Saratoga How many troops did George Washington have at the Battle if Yorktown? ✔✔8845 Who wrote "The Crisis"? ✔✔Thomas Paine Who went on horse-back warning the Americans that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord? ✔✔Paul Revere Which part (cause) of the American Revolution closed the Boston Harbor? ✔✔Intolerable Acts/ Coercive Acts The Treaty of Paris was delayed because of __________________'s stubbornness. ✔✔King George III The position Americans took toward the war was mostly ✔✔Divided. Americans were divided in their position on the war. Historians estimate that roughly 20 to 30 percent of Americans were Loyalists, roughly 40 to 45 percent were Patriots, and the rest remained neutral. Native Americans and African Americans fought on both sides. The British wanted to seize the Hudson River Valley in order to ✔✔cut New England off from other states The British wanted to seize the Hudson River Valley in order to cut New England off from other states. Britain's strategy, which called for the meeting of three armies in Albany, was devised to cut off New England from other states. The primary reason France and Spain came to America's aid was that ✔✔they were Britain's rivals France and Spain came to America's aid primarily because they were Britain's rivals. France was still bitter over its defeat in the French and Indian War. Spain, which was also Britain's rival, was able to extend its own empire in North America through its participation in the American revolution. According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris, the United States ✔✔had a southern boundary of Spanish Florida According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris, the United States had a southern boundary of Spanish Florida. The Treaty of Paris, which made the United States independent, also set its boundaries at the Mississippi River on the west, Canada on the north, and Spanish Florida on the south. It called for each side to repay its debts and for Britain to return any enslaved persons it had captured. What are the inalienable rights stated in the Declaration of Independence? ✔✔Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness Benjamin Franklin epitomized which movement in colonial America? ✔✔The Enlightenment Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury? ✔✔Alexander Hamilton What was the last major military action of the American Revolution? ✔✔Yorktown What year did the American Revolution end? ✔✔1783 Who was the colonial general that became president after the American Revolution? ✔✔George Washington Who famously implored her husband to "remember the ladies" in drafting laws for the newly independent United States of America? ✔✔Abigail Adams What was the main reason for the colonial opposition to the Stamp Act? ✔✔The Stamp Act emphasized that the colonies did not have a voice in parliament. What was was the MOST important factor influencing the start of fighting in the Revolution? ✔✔Tensions stirred up by radical colonist opposing British actions. What was the Quartering Act of 1765? ✔✔British troops were sent to America to protect the colonist after the French and Indian War, to pay for this deployment the colonist were required to provide shelter, food, and supplies for local troops. Who was Abigail Adams and what was her contribution to the American Revolution? ✔✔She was the wife of John Adams and she wrote him letters encouraging him to consider women's rights when drafted the Declaration of Independence. Which of the following contributed MOST the colonist victory in the War for Independence? ✔✔Financial and military support for the Americans from France. What is the best explanation of this description of governments from the Declaration of Independence: "deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" ? ✔✔Government has authority over the people because the people agree to give authority to the government. True or False. British military leaders promised African American slaves their freedom if they ran away from their masters and fought for the King. ✔✔True True or False. African Americans were not allowed to fight in the Continental Army because Southern leaders were afraid of slave revolts. ✔✔False True or False. All African Americans were slaves during this time period, so they could only fight if their owners sent them or they ran away. ✔✔False True or False. Most African Americans supported the British because they believed they could offer them a better life in the West Indies. ✔✔False. True or False. After Lexington and Concord, it took almost a year for independence to become a primary war aim. ✔✔True. Not until January 1776, with the publication of Common Sense, did independence become a publicly held war aim for most Americans. Thomas Paine's Common Sense is an important work because it ✔✔persuaded Americans that no reconciliation with Britain was possible. The Declaration of Independence stated that governments were formed to ✔✔protect a person's life, freedom, and right to pursue happiness. After the initial surge of patriotism, American troops ✔✔came from both conscription and payment of bounties. Most of America's war materials came from ✔✔foreign aid. Congress financed the revolution by ✔✔borrowing from other nations. True or False. The choice of George Washington as commander in chief was a good one because of his knowledge of military affairs. ✔✔False. Washington's most important qualification may have been his ability to create a stable and strong image for the nation to rally around. After a year of war, the British realized ✔✔the war had become more than just a local phenomenon around Boston. By the end of 1776, the American army under Washington had ✔✔won two minor victories and remained intact. By the end of 1776, Washington had won minor victories at Trenton and Princeton, and most importantly his army remained intact. John Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga ✔✔convinced the French that they should help the Americans. The British shifted their focus to the South largely because they believed there was more Loyalist sentiment in that region than elsewhere in the American colonies. The treason of Benedict Arnold ✔✔shocked American forces. The British were forced to surrender at Yorktown because ✔✔French troops and a French fleet helped trap the British. The British had to surrender at Yorktown because the combined French and American forces trapped them. Even though the British wanted to end the war, the French were reluctant to negotiate because ✔✔they were committed to staying in the war until Spain got Gibraltar. Of all the Loyalists groups in America, the one that suffered most as a result of the Revolution was ✔✔Anglicans. True or False. Native Americans generally stayed neutral in the war. ✔✔True. During the Revolution, women took on new responsibilities. After the war, ✔✔things generally went back to the way they were before and few concrete reforms occurred in the status of women. In spite of rhetoric proclaiming "all men are created equal," slavery survived in America for nearly a century after the Revolution because whites ✔✔harbored racist assumptions about the natural inferiority of blacks. If postwar Americans agreed on nothing else, they agreed that ✔✔new governments should be republican. True or False. Under the Articles of Confederation, the only institution of national authority was the president of the United States. ✔✔False. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress remained the only institution of national authority. What country did the American colonies rebel against? ✔✔Britain How many of the American Colonies were a part of the revolution? ✔✔13 What year did the Revolutionary War begin? ✔✔1775 What was the main reason that the American Colonies rebelled and fought for their independence? ✔✔They didn`t want to pay taxes without having representation in the government What was the name of the group that declared the independence of the United States? ✔✔The Second Continental Congress What year did the United States issue the Declaration of Independence? ✔✔1776 Which European country became a major ally to the United States during the Revolutionary War? ✔✔France Who was the first President of the United States? ✔✔George Washington What type of government did the new country of the United States form? ✔✔Democracy Fact or Myth. Paul Revere rode from Boston to Lexington to warn colonists that the British army was coming. ✔✔Fact. Paul Revere did set out from Boston to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams that the British army was advancing, but he wasn't the only rider who did so. William Dawes and Samuel Prescott also rode with Revere, and while Revere was caught by British patrolmen after reaching Lexington, Prescott made it all the way to Concord, which was believed to be the destination of the British army. Revere only became an American icon after Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote a poem about him in 1863. Fact or Myth. Betsy Ross created the first American flag. ✔✔Myth. This legend was started in 1870 by Betsy Ross' grandson William Canby. But it was not Ross who designed Old Glory. A more likely person was Frances Hopkinson-- records show that in 1780 he sent a bill to the Board of Admiralty for a design for the "flag of the United States." Fact or Myth. A majority of the African-Americans who fought during the Revolution fought for the British. ✔✔Fact. The British army recruited slaves belonging to patriots by promising them freedom. As a result, more blacks supported the British. Fact or Myth. German soldiers participated during the Revolution. ✔✔Fact. German mercenaries, or Hessians, were recruited by the British army to fight the patriots during the Revolutionary War. Fact or Myth. Benedict Arnold was a traitor. ✔✔Fact. Benedict Arnold was a military commander in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, but he later switched his allegiance to Great Britain. Arnold planned to surrender West Point to the British army, but his plot was uncovered before he could execute it and he fled to England to avoid execution. Fact or Myth. The Liberty Bell was rung to announce that the Declaration of Independence had been signed. ✔✔Myth. This rumor probably derives from a 19th century fictional story published by George Lippard, which detailed how an elderly man rang the Liberty Bell after a young boy overheard that Congress had declared independence. Some historians believe it highly unlikely that the bell was even rung (due to the fact that the steeple was in poor condition at the time). And here's another interesting fact: the bell isn't even named in honor of American independence! The bell got its name when abolitionists used it as a symbol of the anti-slavery movement. Fact or Myth. American independence was declared on July 4, 1776. ✔✔Myth. America's independence was declared by the Continental Congress on July 2, 1776. The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, but it wasn't signed by all the congressional delegates until 1781! And it wasn't until 1783 (when the Treaty of Paris was signed), that the Revolutionary War formally ended. Fact or Myth. The Battle of Bunker Hill actually took place on Breed's Hill. ✔✔Fact. The Battle of Bunker Hill was actually fought on Breed's Hill. And while the British technically won this battle, they suffered severe losses. Fact or Myth. During the Boston Tea Party, patriots dressed like Mohawk Indians and dumped tea into the Atlantic Ocean. ✔✔Fact. The Boston Tea Party was an act of protest in response to British taxation. On December 16, 1773, members of the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Native Americans, and boarded ships in Boston Harbor, where they proceeded to dump shipments of tea into the ocean. Sugar Act 1764 ✔✔Duty (tax) placed on sugar from the West Indies to raise revenue for Britain. Colonial protests lead to lower duties (taxes). Quartering Act 1765 ✔✔Required certain colonies to provide food and housing for British soldiers. Colonial Assemblies refused to comply with the act. Stamp Act 1765 ✔✔Required the use of stamped paper articles showing that the tax had been paid. Protested taxation by Parliament without colonial representation. Stamp Act repealed. Townshend Acts 1767 ✔✔Light taxation on glass, lead, paper, and tea. Colonial response: smuggling, resisting British troops resulting in the Boston Massacre, and refusing to import goods. Where was the first battle of the American Revolution? ✔✔Lexington, Massachusetts On 19 April 1775, the "shot heard around the world" was fired by Massachusetts militiamen at Lexington. On 19 April 1775, the "shot heard around the world" was fired by Massachusetts militiamen at Lexington. ✔✔Trenton, New Jersey The battle occurred on 26 December 1776. Washington captured nearly 1000 prisoners, while suffering only six wounded. Where was the worst American defeat of the war? ✔✔Charleston, South Carolina On 12 May 1780, the British captured Charleston and the entire southern American army of 5400 men. The British lost only 225 men. Which battle caused the British to abandon plans to conquer the Carolinas? ✔✔Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina On 15 March 1781, the Americans inflicted heavy losses on the British, forcing General Cornwallis to retreat. He then changed his plans, and began his ill-fated invasion of Virginia, resulting in his defeat at Yorktown. Which battle was the first major American victory of the war? ✔✔Saratoga, New York The Battle of Saratoga was fought on 7 October 1777. As a result of this victory, France recognized America's independence. Which fort did the traitor Benedict Arnold intend to turn over to the British? ✔✔West Point, New York Arnold's plan to turn West Point over to the British was discovered in time. He managed to escape, and led British forces for the remainder of the war. West Point is now the United States Military Academy. Whose last words were "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"? ✔✔Nathan Hale Hale was caught spying on British troops. He was executed on 22 September 1776. Who was known as the "Swamp Fox"? ✔✔Francis Marion Marion led guerilla raids against British troops, primarily in South Carolina. He would then withdraw into swamp country, which was unfamiliar territory to the British. Which British general surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia, effectively dashing British hopes for winning the war? ✔✔Charles Cornwallis The British surrendered at Yorktown on 19 October 1781. Although fighting continued for more than a year, the surrender effectively ended British hopes for a victory. In which state was the last battle between American and British forces fought? ✔✔South Carolina The battle was fought on 27 August 1782 along the Combahee River. The skirmish occurred ten months after the British surrendered at Yorktown. True or False. German mercenaries fighting for the British were called Hessians. ✔✔True The Prince of Hesse, a region of Germany, was paid for supplying troops to the British. More than 20000 Hessians fought for the British during the war. True or False. At the Battle of Bunker Hill, most of the fighting actually occurred on Breed's Hill. ✔✔True. The battle was fought on 17 June 1775. The saying "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes" was spoken at this battle. True or False. The final battle of the war was fought in November of 1782. ✔✔True. The battle was fought on 10 November 1782 by American forces against Loyalist and Indian forces. It was a raid on a Shawnee Indian village in the Ohio Territory, 13 months after the British surrender at Yorktown. The French and Indian War starts this Revolution... what is the cause of it? ✔✔Native Americans are frustrated with British settlers taking their land. After that War, thee British passed a law called the ____________, forbidding colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. ✔✔Proclamation of 1763 After that War, the British were left with this problem: ✔✔They're broke from years and years of fighting The first tax passed by the British: ✔✔Sugar and Molasses Act The Colonists' biggest problem with these British taxes was: ✔✔Taxation without representation. Song played by the British after they suffered defeat and surrendered to the Americans at Yorktown. ✔✔"The World Turned Upside Down" America's "First Traitor". ✔✔Benedict Arnold A spy for the Americans, and former teacher. Executed after being found sneaking British troop movements out of camp in the soles of his shoes. ✔✔Nathan Hale New style of warfare used by the colonists; sneaky hit and run attacks. ✔✔Guerrilla Two different treaties that ended the French and Indian, Revolutionary Wars, but shared the same name! ✔✔Treaty of Paris True or False. When the fighting began, most Americans wanted the colonies to be independent from Great Britain. ✔✔False True or False. The rebelling colonies had access to sufficient local resources to fight a successful revolution. ✔✔False True or False. The British lacked the resources to conduct a war on the American continent. ✔✔False True or False. At the outset of the war, American leaders hoped that Canada would become the fourteenth state. ✔✔True True or False. The surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga had no effect on the Iroquois Confederacy, since most of the Indians supported the American cause. ✔✔False True or False. There is no actual proof that Benedict Arnold committed treason. ✔✔False True or False. As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the new American nation's westward boundary was the Blue Ridge Mountains. ✔✔False True or False. At least one-fifth, and maybe as many as one-third, of the American colonists were loyal to Britain during the Revolution. ✔✔True True or False. Native Americans were pleased with the outcome of the Revolution because it reduced the desire of colonists for western land. ✔✔False True or False. The first state constitutions written during the American Revolution generally reduced the power of the executive. ✔✔True True or False. In the newly created states, the privileges that churches enjoyed in the colonial era were largely stripped away. ✔✔True True or False. After independence, the United States quickly and easily persuaded Great Britain to abide by the terms of the treaty of 1783. ✔✔False True or False. The system for surveying and selling western lands set up under the Ordinance of 1785 favored small farmers. ✔✔False True or False. The Northwest Ordinance laid out the requirements for western territories to become states. ✔✔True True or False. During the period under consideration in this chapter, Congress did nothing to limit the expansion of slavery. ✔✔False What advantages and disadvantages did the British have in fighting the Revolutionary War? ✔✔Advantages: world's largest militaryworld's largest naval force. Disadvantages: long supply lines / fighting a long way from homeachieving victory meant subduing all the colonies (The colonies didn't have to conquer Britain in order to win. All they had to do was wage war / resist until the British gave up and went home.) What advantages and disadvantages did the colonists have in fighting the Revolutionary War? ✔✔Advantages: Washington proved to be a very talented commander "defending one's homeland" is a powerful motivator. They didn't have to conquer Britain in order to win. They just needed to resist and hold off long enough to make Britain give up. Powerful allies eventually joined the war effort on the American side, non-traditional tactics. Disadvantages: small, untrained military force, poorly equipped forces Which battles of the Revolutionary War were fought even before independence was declared, and what was the outcome? ✔✔Lexington and Concord, 1775 The British were forced to retreat from Concord. On the way, they lost 300 soldiers and only killed 100 Americans. Who did the Second Continental Congress appoint to be the commander in chief of the Continental Army? ✔✔George Washington, who would later become the first president of the United States Besides the Continental Army, what American troops fought in the Revolutionary War? ✔✔Members of state militias. The militias were local armies, and each state maintained one. Some towns also raised militias. In Concord, members of the town militia were called "minutemen" because they were supposed to be ready to fight at a moment's notice. British General Sir William Howe achieved what key victories in the north early during the war? He placed New York City under British control.He then moved to attack Philadelphia, which was the capital of the United States at that time. He ✔✔Howe placed New York City under British control. He then moved to attack Philadelphia, which was the capital of the United States at that time. He captured Philadelphia but missed his goal of taking the Second Continental Congress captive. The congressmen fled the city before it fell to the British. What does the phrase "crossing the Delaware" refer to? ✔✔General Washinton's Christmas Eve attack in 1776. He crossed the Delaware River, accompanied by about 2,400 troops and attacked enemy positions in New Jersey. Where did Washington and the Continental Army camp for the winter of 1776-1777? ✔✔Valley Forge What happened in 1777 at Saratoga (located in upstate New York) and why did it have farreaching consequences? ✔✔British General John Burgoyne reached Saratoga with 5,000 troops, but found himself surrounded by American forces. Burgoyne surrendered. This American victory caused the French to join the war effort against the British. Up until Saratoga, the French had maintained a "wait and see" policy -- they did not want to join the American war effort unless they believed the U.S. was capable of winning. What was the first foreign nation to officially recognize the United States as a separate and independent nation? ✔✔France, in 1778 -- after the Battle of Saratoga France assisted the United States war effort secretly at first, and after Saratoga, openly. What other European nation helped the U.S. achieve independence? ✔✔Spain After Saratoga, the British dramatically changed their war strategy. How did they change it, and why? ✔✔They began attacking the South instead of the North.They expected that more Loyalists (people remaining loyal to Britain) lived in the South. December, 1778 -- Savannah, Georgia. What happened? ✔✔The British captured the city and also took control of the rural lands around it -- the backcountry. May, 1780 -- Charleston, South Carolina. What happened? ✔✔Worst American defeat of the entire war. British General Charles Cornwallis forces more than 5,000 American troops to surrender. May, 1780 -- King's Mountain, South Carolina. What happened? ✔✔American victory begins to turn the tide of Britain's "southern strategy." The Revolutionary War was also a naval war. The British had the world's largest navy. What did the Americans have? ✔✔The United States did not have anything approaching a true naval force. To fight at sea anyway, Congress issued "letters of marque and reprisal." These are licenses that create privateers. A privateer is the same as a pirate, but operating with government approval. Privateers harrassed British shipping, attacked merchant ships, and fought battles with British ships. Summarize the last battle of the Revolutionary War. ✔✔British General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington at Yorktown. Cornwallis' forces were trapped against the sea, with Washinton's Continental Army pushing them back, and Cornwallis unable to escape by sea because the French fleet was in the harbor, blocking British ships from approaching. The last battle of the war, Yorktown, was fought in 1781. When was the peace treaty formally ending the war finalized? ✔✔The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783. This treaty officially ended the war. The British officially recognized the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris, which also established new borders for the country. Describe these borders. ✔✔The United States now stretched as far as the Mississippi River. This effectively doubled the land area available for settlement. The most famous Frenchman who fought in the American Revolutionary War was ✔✔The Marquis de Lafayette. To this day, many towns in the eastern U.S. are named Lafayette or Fayetteville in his honor. Lafayette served with Washington and held the rank of major general. Who was involved in the American Revolution? ✔✔The war was between the 13 British colonies (in North America) with Great Britain. Which country helped America win the American Revolution? ✔✔France What is another name for the American Revolution? ✔✔American War of Independence What resulted out of the American Revolution? ✔✔The 13 British colonies separated from Britain and became the United States of America. What did no taxation without representation mean? ✔✔If the colonists didnt get a say in the taxes they were going to protest... Who was James Otis? ✔✔He declared that taxation without representation was evil and wrong to do in a Boston town meeting. He started the committees of correspondence and established nonimportation agreements and organized boycotts of British goods. What was the Quartering Act? ✔✔It was requested by Thomas Gage. Colonists had to supply British troops with barracks and supplies. Law enacted by Gage in NY. NY assembly refused to comply. Parliament suspended NY's legislature powers. Who was Thomas Gage and what did he do? ✔✔Thomas Gage was the Commander of all British troops in America and he started the Quartering Act. Who was Pontiac? ✔✔After the French and Indian War, Pontiac led raids because colonists were invading land What was the Stamp Act? ✔✔It was the first direct tax on the colonists. Taxed legal documents, papers, pamphlets, broadsides, etc. Revenue was used to pay for defense of the colonies. Britain deliberately tried to weaken colonies. What was the Boston Massacre? ✔✔Two regiments of British troops sent to Boston in 1768. Relations between soldiers and Boston colonists grew more tense over time. March 5, 1770, British soldiers fired into unruly crowd killing 5 citizens. Preston and 8 other British soldiers arrested. There were 9 murders. John Adams and Josiah Quincy defended soldiers in trial. Who is Thomas Preston? ✔✔He and 8 British soldiers got arrested for massacre and murder. What did John Adams and Josiah Quincy do? ✔✔Defended soldiers in trial after Boston Massacre. What was the Tea Act? ✔✔British East India Company faced economic run. Parliament gave BEIC right to ship tea to colonies without paying most taxes on tea. Price was lower than other tea in colonies. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? ✔✔Thomas Jefferson What is the name of the American army that fought against the English in the American Revolution? ✔✔The Continental Army Who took on more responsibility during the Revolution? ✔✔Women minutemen ✔✔A militia during the American Revolution that could be ready to fight in a minute. George III issued a Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition in response to ✔✔the Olive Branch Petition The key significance of the Battle of Saratoga was that it ✔✔encouraged the French to ally with the colonies Who wrote the following? "Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States,..." ✔✔Richard Henry Lee The French intervention on the American side in 1778 led Great Britain to revise its plans and ✔✔shift its military effort to the South. Loyalist or patriot?? "My taxes are too high!" ✔✔Patriot Loyalist or patriot?? "Taxes are used to keep us safe from the French." ✔✔Loyalist The French and Indian War is important when learning about the Revolutionary War because ✔✔taxes must be imposed to pay for the war the English win and can stay in the colonies colonists feel that England is not fair to them What are implied in the concepts of natural rights ✔✔something you are born with something that is not earned something that is given to all people The primary purpose of the Declaration of Independence was ✔✔to separate from Britain What were the greatest challenges facing the Americans after they won independence? ✔✔Forming a new effective government and establishing trade Why was the Boston Massacre a significant event for the Colonists on the road to revolution? ✔✔It was an experience that the colonists used as inspiration to rebel against Britain The effect of the Boston Tea Party was the ✔✔Intolerable acts One advantage the British army had over the Patriots was ✔✔A strong Army and Navy During the French and Indian War, many Native Americans supported the French because ✔✔The French were less of a threat to their way of life Colonists were not able to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains as a result of the ✔✔Proclamation of 1763 If the colonists were actually given direct representation in Parliament would they have been able to get rid of taxes and acts they disliked ✔✔No, they would be outvoted on every issue by Parliament members living in Europe The Navigation Acts required ✔✔That all goods either go to England or go through English ports As a result of the French and Indian War, Britain ✔✔imposed new taxes on the colonists The main purpose of the Second Continental Congress was to ✔✔Govern the colonies during the Revolutionary War Groups such as the Sons of Liberty used what forms of resistance ✔✔Boycotts of products Small mob violence Destruction of property Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence based on the principle of ______ ✔✔Natural rights All of the following were true of the LOYALIST population in the British colonies ✔✔They were about one-third of the population They felt a strong loyalty to both king and country They were mostly people of wealth All of the following were true of the PATRIOT population in the British colonies ✔✔They were about one-third of the population They included farmers, artisans, and merchants They saw economic opportunity in an independent America Britain's greatest asset in the war was ✔✔Its professionally trained army and navy The spark that caused the Boston Massacre was ✔✔The Sons of Liberty and other colonists physically & verbally assaulting a guard The Treaty of Paris in 1783 granted the United States territory from the Atlantic Ocean to the ✔✔Mississippi River While the Treaty of Paris settled many issues for the colonists, it failed to ✔✔Provide a time frame in which the British must evacuate their forts in the Ohio River Valley Minor import taxes on tea, glass, lead, oil, and paper ✔✔Townshend Acts Forced colonists to house and feed British soldiers ✔✔Quartering Act Colonists loyal to the British King ✔✔Loyalists Americans who favored independence ✔✔Patriots Human rights given to all people ✔✔Natural rights Tax on paper goods and printed material ✔✔Stamp Act Gave colonists control of land east of the Mississippi River ✔✔Treaty of Paris General search warrants issued to British officials ✔✔Writs of Assistance Stopped colonial settlement west of the Appalachians ✔✔Proclamation of 1763 True or False: The colonists supported the French in the French and Indian War ✔✔True Many colonists smuggled and illegally traded with the French therefore supporting the french economy True or False: One-third of American colonists supported the patriot cause ✔✔True True or False: Lexington & Concord was the first battle of the American Revolution ✔✔True True or False: American colonists believed that being given "virtual representation" in British Parliament was good enough for them ✔✔False Colonists felt that they deserved direct representation True or False: The French sent military aid to the colonist after they proved they could win at battles such as Trenton and Saratoga ✔✔True After these colonial victories the French fought against the British with the colonists The Enlightenment was a movement that inspired many of the ideas present in the Declaration of Independence ✔✔True The Enlightnment proposed the idea that God not a king gave all people natural rights. Jefferson who wrote the Declaration took many of his ideas from Enlightenment philosopher John Locke Before the colonists declared independence they made a last attempt to reestablish peace with Great Britain ✔✔True The "Olive Branch Petition" proposed a return to peace with britain