EMT cardiology FISDAP study guide with complete solutions

EMT cardiology FISDAP study guide with complete solutions Septum ✔✔Divides the right and left chambers of the heart superior vena cava ✔✔transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the right atrium of the ...

EMT cardiology FISDAP study guide with complete solutions Septum ✔✔Divides the right and left chambers of the heart superior vena cava ✔✔transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the right atrium of the heart inferior vena cava ✔✔carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium of the heart right ventricle ✔✔pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs tricuspid valve ✔✔valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle pulmonary artery ✔✔Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs pulmonary veins ✔✔carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart left ventricle ✔✔pumps oxygenated blood to the body left atrium ✔✔receives oxygenated blood from the lungs right atrium ✔✔Receives deoxygenated blood from the body mitral (bicuspid) valve ✔✔valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. SA node ✔✔pacemaker of the heart, where normal electrical impulses begin AV node ✔✔region where electrical impulse in the heart is slowed to allow blood time to pass from the atria to the ventricles sympathetic nervous system ✔✔flight or fight; speeds heart rate, dilates blood vessels in muscle, increases respiratory speed and depth, constricts blood vessels in digestive system parasympathetic ✔✔feed and breed; slows heart & respiratory rate, constricts blood vessels in muscles, dilates blood vessels in digestive system cardiac output ✔✔heart rate x stroke volume stroke volume ✔✔The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction. blood consists of ✔✔plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets Ischemia ✔✔an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, for this chapter to the heart muscles. Atherosclerosis ✔✔condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries thromboembolism ✔✔A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream. acute myocardial infarction ✔✔A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. Also called a heart attack. acute coronary syndrome ✔✔A term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction. angina pectoris ✔✔when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply, usually during periods of physical or emotional stress where the heart is working hard tachycardia ✔✔>100 bpm Bradycardia ✔✔<60 bpm Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) ✔✔abnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles SHOCKABLE Ventricular tachycardia ✔✔a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles (150- 200bpm) can deteriorate into v fib asystole ✔✔absence of all heart electrical activity cardiogenic shock ✔✔the heart lacks the power to force proper volume of blood through circulatory system cardiogenic shock signs/symptoms ✔✔anxiety; pale, cool, clammy skin; high pulse rate; rapid shallow breathing; nausea/vomiting Cardiogenic shock treatment ✔✔semifowler, oxygen, assist ventilations (if needed), blankets, prompt transport to ED congestive heart failure (CHF) ✔✔ventricular heart muscle is permanently damaged and can no longer keep up with the return flow of blood from the atria, leads to left ventricle failure left ventricular failure ✔✔fluid and blood back into the lungs leading to pulmonary edema; frothy sputum and dyspnea right heart damage ✔✔dependent edema (fluid in the lower limbs) Hypertension ✔✔systolic 140mmHg+ or diastolic 90mmHg+ Hypertension emergency ✔✔systolic 180mmHg+ or rapid rise in systolic BP; headache; strong bounding pulse, ringing in ears, nausea, altered mental status Hypertensive emergency treatment ✔✔elevate head, rapid transport aortic aneurysm ✔✔A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture. Bulges. dissecting aneurysm ✔✔inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing for blood flow between the layers (hypertension is primary cause) dissecting aneurysm signs/symptoms ✔✔abrupt onset of pain with no additional symptoms, sharp/tearing pain, pain level is maximal from onset and does not abate; pain felt in back, possibly between shoulders; blood pressure discrepancy between arms, decrease in femoral or carotid pulse chest pain + pulse ox of less than 94% ✔✔administer oxygen at 4L/min via nasal cannula worsening of condition ✔✔nonrebreathing mask 15L/min Inadequate breathing or no breathing ✔✔BVM 100% oxygen Pulmonary Edema ✔✔positive pressure ventilation BVM or CPAP CHF breathing assistance with ✔✔CPAP asprin dose ✔✔4 baby asprin, 81mg each, 324 mg total Nitroglycerin contraindication ✔✔ED medicine (viagra, cialis) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Stroke ✔✔interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the lack of brain function ABC's, high flow O2, continuous talk, fast transport Ischemic stroke ✔✔when blood flow is stopped by a blood clot inside a blood vessel thrombosis or embolus hemorrhagic stroke ✔✔occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures; also known as a bleed Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by ✔✔high BP over many years, aneurysm transient ischemic attack ✔✔temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain; mini stroke Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale ✔✔Facial droop, arm drift, speech Los AngelesPrehospital Stroke Screen ✔✔facial smile/grimace, arm strength, grip strength