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PPR Review Questions and Answers Already Passed Transitions ✔✔There are 2 types of transitions that a teacher must plan for: (a) moving children from one type of activity to another (b)changin... g from one subject to another. Schema ✔✔knowledge structure or mental organization of a concept. (PIAGET) Private Speech ✔✔"self talk" or oral directions where VYGOTSKY says people both self-guide and monitor their thinking and problem solving by talking out loud to themselves. Developmentally Appropriate ✔✔teachers should design instruction that matches the students cognitive,physical,social and emotional stages. Scaffolding ✔✔children can often do many tasks with assistance from adults or knowledgeable peers. *** AS CHILDREN BECOME COMPETENT, SUPPORT IS GRADUALLY REDUCED*** Readiness ✔✔a teacher must consider the students current ability to complete a task. Psychomotor Domain ✔✔children learn physical skills in a particular order. 1. Perception: pays attention to 2. Set: learners become prepared mentally 3. Guided Response: learner tries with coaching 4. Mechanism: learner practices to improve 5. Complex or overt responses: learner becomes proficient 6. Adaptation: learner transfers current skill to the new one. 7. Origination: learner can create original skills based upon a new one. Formal operational stage ✔✔children ages 11-adult obtain the ability to think abstractly. (PIAGET) Pr-conventional moral reasoning ✔✔children decide if something is wrong by the consequences (reward or punishment) that are received following a behavior. ( KOHLBERG) Conventional Moral Reasoning ✔✔children decide on a particular action to gain approval. (KOHLBERG) Pre-Moral Stage ✔✔very young children are unaware of right,wrong and rules. (PIAGET) Moral absolute stage ✔✔Piaget believed that young children entering school have no flexibility with rules despite any extenuating circumstances; thus teachers must establish broad general rules. Maturation ✔✔internally determined changes in a person. Development ✔✔according to educational theorist,humans change cognitively,physically,socially and emotionally over the course of their lives in systematic ways. Egocentrism ✔✔young children do not have the ability to see their perspective of others. Cognitive Development ✔✔changes in mental operations of thinking and reasoning. children go through 4 stages of change in mental processes. (a) sensory motor (b) pre-operational (c) concrete operational (d) formal operational Concrete operational stage ✔✔at about ages 7-11,children can perform advanced thinking, but it must be based on concrete experiences. (PIAGET) Many students do not leave this stage right at 11; therefore many high school students may still have trouble thinking abstractly and secondary teachers should continue to offer many concrete experiences [Show More]

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