WGU Pathophysiology from the study guide latest 2023 already passed

WGU Pathophysiology from the study guide latest 2023 already passed Anabolism ✔✔The phase of metabolism where simple substances are made into complex ones. Catabolism ✔✔Breakdown of substances into energy Epithelial ...

WGU Pathophysiology from the study guide latest 2023 already passed Anabolism ✔✔The phase of metabolism where simple substances are made into complex ones. Catabolism ✔✔Breakdown of substances into energy Epithelial and connective tissues ✔✔what tissues most often develop tumors Papilloma ✔✔What type of benign tumor is a wart? (Papilloma, Lipoma, Myoma, Chondroma) Lipoma ✔✔What benign tumor begins in the fatty tissue? (Papilloma, Lipoma, Myoma, Chondroma) Myoma ✔✔What benign tumor is also called a fibroid? (Papilloma, Lipoma, Myoma, Chondroma) Chondroma ✔✔What benign tumor is of cartilage cells? (Papilloma, Lipoma, Myoma, Chondroma) Sarcoma ✔✔What type of tumor can be found anywhere and arises from connective tissue? Fevers and night sweats ✔✔What are early signs of lymphoma? radiation therapy ✔✔Planting seeds into a malignant prostate and irradiating to reduce damage to healthy tissue is called: vesicle ✔✔Skin lesion described as a small fluid filled elevation of the skin (eg blister) [vesicle, pustule, macule, papule] pustule ✔✔Skin lesion described as an elevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris [vesicle, pustule, macule, papule] macule ✔✔Skin lesion described as a spot not raised or depressed (eg freckle) [vesicle, pustule, macule, papule] papule ✔✔Skin lesion described as a firm raised area of skin (eg pimple] [vesicle, pustule, macule, papule] excoriation ✔✔Skin lesions described as a scratch into the skin. laceration ✔✔Skin trauma- rough, jagged wound caused by skin tearing: fissure ✔✔Skin trauma- crack in the skin ulcer ✔✔skin trauma - sore with disintegration and death of affected tissue superficial burn ✔✔Burn involving only the epidermal layer of the skin. Blisters and pain at the burn site. ✔✔How do superficial partial thickness burns present? shingles ✔✔Painful vesicular lesions caused by varicella. normal treatment is antiviral medications and corticosteroids to decrease pain. superficial ✔✔Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin is called: Pruritus and urticarial ✔✔What are two signs of allergic skin reactions? They are all autoimmune diseases involving the skin ✔✔What do Pemphigus, scleroderma and lupus erythematosus have in common? Disturb equilibrium ✔✔What can damage to the semicircular canals in the ears do? Placing a myringotomy tube in the ear ✔✔How can otitis media be prevented? Presbycusis ✔✔What is age related hearing loss called? Speaking in clear low pitched tones ✔✔What can alleviate age -related hearing loss (Presbycusis)? arthrocentesis, laparoscopic repairs, and fixation of screws ✔✔What can treatment of joint disorders include? Gout ✔✔Form of arthritis described as a higher level of uric acid crystals accumulating in joint Septic arthritis ✔✔Form of arthritis that may result from an invasive procedure, organisms carried to the joint by the blood stream. Osteoarthritis ✔✔Form of arthritis that may be the results of aging and repeated trauma most often in weight-bearing joints. Rheumatoid arthritis ✔✔Form of arthritis described as an inflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causing severe pain; joints stiffen and become useless Myasthenia gravis ✔✔What can be described as chronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the neuromuscular junction? By taking antacid medications, and using medications that decrease production of hydrochloric acid. ✔✔How can gastroesophageal reflux disease be treated? Chronic pancreatitis ✔✔What can be characterized with severe pain and blood tests that show elevated serum amylase? Pancreatitis ✔✔What impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances? Testing blood serology ✔✔How is viral hepatitis identified? Bowel fucntion ✔✔What does chronic hepatitis often exhibit changes in? an antigen-antibody reaction ✔✔What could arise if an Rh negative patient experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood? Hemophilia ✔✔A bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor. Leukemia ✔✔A neoplastic disease characterized by a large increase in white blood cells. Thalassemia ✔✔A group of hereditary disorders causing impaired hemoglobin synthesis. Aplastic anemia ✔✔A bone marrow failure characterized by a decreased red blood cell production. Vitamin K ✔✔What vitamin is required for effective blood clotting? Diet, prescribed diuretics, regular exercise ✔✔What are three recommendations for the treatment of hypertension? Shock ✔✔What can described as confusion, anxiety, and hypotension? Atrophy ✔✔What is described as a decrease in the size of a muscle from disuse? Strains ✔✔What is described as pain and stiffness caused by overuse? Sprains ✔✔What is described as pain and swelling caused by the tearing of ligaments? Muscular distrophy ✔✔What is described as the deterioration of muscles that have intact nerve function? Cramps ✔✔What are described as strong, painful muscle contractions? Shoulder joint dislocation ✔✔What is described as acutely painful in the arm and chest area and often results in the affected arm being longer than the mate? Helicobacter pylori ✔✔What causes a gastrointestinal disorder known as a peptic ulcer? Inflammation of the gallbladder ✔✔What is characterized by abdominal pain and elevated bilirubin? Amylase ✔✔What digests starch? Lipase ✔✔What digests lipids? Trypsin ✔✔What digests proteins? Nucleases ✔✔What digests nucleic acids? serology and serum chemistry ✔✔How can hepatitis be diagnosed? Blood transfusions ✔✔What might both leukemia and pernicious anemia require? Jaundice and loss of appetite ✔✔What are two signs of hepatitis? Anemia ✔✔What directly impairs the delivery of oxygen to body tissues? Thrombosis (blood clots) ✔✔What are characterized by pain and swelling, warmth and redness around site or location and are typically diagnosed by an US or MRI? Calcium-channel blockers ✔✔What helps to control hypertension by inhibiting calcium ions from entering cardiac muscle cells? Age, gender, heredity, living conditions, social habits and preexisting conditions ✔✔What are epidemics defined by? Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy ✔✔What are two treatments for frequent otitis media an chronic sore throat? Elephantiasis, splenomegaly, and infectious mononucleosis ✔✔What are three pathological responses of the lymphatic system? Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant ✔✔What treatment plan has produced the best survival rates for multiple myeloma? An autoimmune hypersensitivity ✔✔What can self-antigens trigger? ECG readings, troponin levels, and creatine kinase levels ✔✔What are three ways used to diagnose myocardial infarctions? Shortness of breath ✔✔What is caused by increased blood flow backing up into the pulmonary circulation? CRP ✔✔What lab test can diagnose Atherosclerosis? Congestive heart failure ✔✔What are increased fatigue, shortness of breath, and edema of extremities signs of? Renin ✔✔What is a probable cause of lower extremity edema and elevated blood pressure? Hypotension ✔✔What can be exemplified by frequent fainting, low blood pressure, and low body temperature? Kussmaul ✔✔What is a deep rapid respiration characteristic of acidosis as seen in diabetic patients? Hyperpnea ✔✔What is an abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing? Dyspnea ✔✔What is a subjective feeling of difficult or labored breathing? A loud, barking cough with audible wheezing at night. ✔✔How is croup characterized? External oxygen ✔✔What can often improve and prolong the quality of life for those with CPOD? An electroencephalogram (EEG) ✔✔What is used to record a human's brain waves to diagnose neurologic diseases? Meningitis ✔✔What can be characterized by a headache, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting? Analgesics ✔✔What can renal colic be treated by? Peripheral neuropathy ✔✔What is a manifestation of uncontrolled diabetes and alcoholism and shows itself in pain and numbness in the extremities? Sodium retention ✔✔What can be a cause of edema and hypertension for a patient with chronic renal failure? Parkinson's disease ✔✔What is a nervous system disease treated by dopamine replacement therapy? Lithotripsy ✔✔What is a surgical procedure aimed at shattering renal calculi? White blood cells ✔✔What in the urine is indicative of pyuria (uti)? Hemodialysis ✔✔What is the recommended treatment if a patient is suffering from chronic renal failure, vomiting, and fatigue? Toxins such as urea and nitrogenous waste from the blood. ✔✔What does hemodialysis remove? It can strain the kidneys and lead to organ disfunction ✔✔What effect can low cardiac output have? Diabetes mellitus ✔✔What is defined as a disease process in which there is a deficiency of insulin hormone? Keytones ✔✔What are abnormal constituents of urine and indicate diabetes or starvation? A1C and fasting blood glucose ✔✔How is type 2 diabetes best tested? Lethargy, irritability, difficulty eating, and dry hair and skin. ✔✔How is Hypothyroidism characterized? Erythropoietin ✔✔What is a treatment of anemia in someone with chronic renal failure? Thyroxine and triodothryrone deficiencies ✔✔What might a child with impaired cognitive function have? Calcium ✔✔What is released from the bone due to increased production of the parathyroid hormone? Medications to suppress thyroid function. ✔✔When a patient presents with exophthalmos, strained appearance to the face, extreme nervousness and a goiter, what medications might be necessary? Skeletal fractures ✔✔Hyperparathyroidism is often accompanied by ___ By hx and physical examination and extreme pain. ✔✔How can testicular torsion best be diagnosed? Culture of the penis drainage (ewww) ✔✔How is gonorrhea in males diagnosed? When urinary function is threatened? ✔✔When is benign prostatic hypertrophy treated by laser and ultrasound and transurethral prostatectomy? Weight, menstrual history, and degree of athleticism ✔✔What can inhibit a female athlete's ability to conceive? Menopause ✔✔___ is described as a lack of menses for 6 months. Placenta previa, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension ✔✔What are three disorders that may occur during pregnancy? trichomoniasis ✔✔Vaginal secretions of yellow or green frothy discharge characterizes what? Eclampsia and toxemia ✔✔What are two disorders experienced in pregnancy and diagnosed by hypertension and proteinuria?