WGU D236 pathophysiology Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What is Starling's Law of Capillary forces?
How does this explain why a nutritionally deficient child would have edema? ✔✔Starling's Law
describes how fluids m
...
WGU D236 pathophysiology Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What is Starling's Law of Capillary forces?
How does this explain why a nutritionally deficient child would have edema? ✔✔Starling's Law
describes how fluids move across the capillary membrane. There are two major opposing forces
that act to balance each other, hydrostatic pressure (pushing water out of the capillaries) and
osmotic pressure (including oncontic pressure, which pushes fluid into the capillaries).
Both electrolytes and proteins (oncontic pressure) in the blood affect osmotic pressure, high
electrolyte and protein concentrations in the blood would cause water to leave the cells and
interstitial space and enter the blood stream to dilute the high concentrations.
On, the other hand, low electrolyte and protein concentrations (as seen in a nutritionally deficient
child) would cause water to leave the capillaries and enter the cells and interstitial fluid which
can lead to edema.
How does the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) result in increased blood volume
and increased blood pressure? ✔✔A drop in blood pressure is sensed by the kidneys by low
perfusion, which in turn begins to secrete renin.
Renin then triggers the liver to produce angiotensinogen, which is converted to Angiotensin I in
the lungs and then angiotensin II by the enzyme
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II stimulates peripheral arterial
vasoconstriction which raises BP.
Angiotensin II is also stimulating the adrenal gland to release aldosterone, which acts to increase
sodium and water reabsorption increasing blood volume, while also increased potassium
secretion in urine.
How can hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? ✔✔Normal levels of potassium are between 3.5
and 5.2 mEq/dL. Hyperkalemia refers to potassium levels higher that 5.2 mEq/dL.
A major function of potassium is to conduct nerve impulses in muscles. Too low and muscle
weakness occurs and too much can cause muscle spasms.
This is especially dangerous in the heart muscle and an irregular heartbeat can cause a heart
attack
The body uses the Protein Buffering System, Phosphate Buffering System, and Carbonic AcidBicarbonate System to regulate and maintain homeostatic pH, what is the consequence of a pH
imbalance ✔✔Proteins contain many acidic and basic group that can be affected by pH changes.
Any increase or decrease in blood pH can alter the structure of the protein (denature), thereby
affecting its function as well
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