NCE: Research and Program Evaluation Questions with Certified Solutions

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NCE: Research and Program Evaluation Questions with Certified Solutions Research ✔✔systematic process of collecting and analyzing data for some purpose such as investigating a problem or answering a question Evidence-based inquiry ✔✔search for knowledge using empirical data which has been gathered systematically Inductive Research ✔✔this research begins at the real world, practical level. It tends to be descriptive, correlational, or historical and leads to the building of theory. Deductive Research ✔✔this research springs from theory which is already established. This research tries to determine what the relationships are between elements of the theory and may be experimental in nature. Survey ✔✔this non-experimental design may occur through questionnaires, interviews, etc. and is used to measure attitudes, perceptions, etc. Descriptive ✔✔this research simply describes an existing state of events. Numbers may be used to characterize groups or individuals Comparative ✔✔this research method investigates whether there are differences between two or more groups. There is no manipulation of conditions experienced by each group Correlational ✔✔this research method uses the correlation coefficient to determine the degree of relationship between two or more variables or phenomena. Ex Post Facto ✔✔Also called causal-comparative, this research design studies possible causal relationships among variables after the fact True Experiment ✔✔This research is characterized by the use of experimental and control groups with random assignment to each. Quasi-Experiment ✔✔This research is similar to experimental research except that randomization of subjects to treatment and control groups is not possible. It may be that no control or comparison group is available Qualitative ✔✔Research type that emphasizes gathering data about naturally occurring phenomena (individual's and groups' living experiences) and events. Data collection may be in terms of words rather than numbers. Mixed-method research designs ✔✔These designs combine quantitative and qualitative methods in the same research effort. The researcher retains the flexibility to use both types of designs. Typically, the designs are used sequentially. Single-subject design ✔✔research design that studies the effects of a program or treatment on an individual or group treated as an individual, usually after a baseline has been established Action Research ✔✔research conducted in an attempt to improve services or a program. This research may often be viewed as having an evaluative function Pilot Study ✔✔a small-scale research effort often used to determine the feasibility of a large scale effort with emphasis on refining procedures and instrumentation Longitudinal Research ✔✔consists of collecting data from the same group of

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