NCE National Counseling Exam Latest 2023 Graded A+

NCE National Counseling Exam Latest 2023 Graded A+ Erikson's stages are called... ✔✔psychosocial Who is the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span ✔✔Erik Erikson ...

NCE National Counseling Exam Latest 2023 Graded A+ Erikson's stages are called... ✔✔psychosocial Who is the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span ✔✔Erik Erikson Dualistic thinking is a concept stressed by... ✔✔WIlliam perry Jean Piaget was what kind of psychologist ✔✔child psychologist (leading name in cognitive development in children) Piaget's theory referring to the notion that a substances weight, mass and volume remain the same even if this changes shape is called.. ✔✔Conservation Who is the father of american behaviorism ✔✔John Watson Who is the leading theorist in moral development ✔✔Lawrence Kohlberg What are Lawrence Kohlberg's levels of moral development? ✔✔3 types: Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional What is the first state of Erikson's 8 stages of development? ✔✔Trust versus mistrust. What is Erikson's 8th/final stage? ✔✔Integrity versus despair What is Kohlberg's highest level of morality? ✔✔Postconventional morality (where the individual has self-imposed morals and ethics) What is kohlberg's 3rd stage of morality? ✔✔Post Conventional The zone of proximal development was pioneered by ✔✔Lev Vygotsky What is the only Freudian developmental stage which is not primarily psychosexual in nature? ✔✔Latency What are kohlberg's stages of moral development? ✔✔Preconventional Level: 1.)punishment/obedience orientation 2.) naive hedonism conventional level: 3.)good boy.good girl orienation 4.) authority, law and order orienation postconventional level 5.) democratically accepted law or social contract 6.) principles of self-concience and universal ethics What is ethology? ✔✔it concerns field research utilizing animals (often associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz) children in concrete operations learn best by.... ✔✔their own actions and experimentation (Piaget) Piaget's preoperational stage occurs from age... ✔✔2 - 7 years old Who is most well known for having worked with Rhesus monkeys ✔✔Harry Harlow Freud felt morality developed from the ... ✔✔super ego Who is the 'father of guidance counseling' which is meant to help individuals search for work ✔✔Frank Parsons What is culture epoch theory? ✔✔all culture - like children - pass through the same stages of development in terms of evolving and maturing. What is the case that resulted in the "counselor's duty to warn an intended victim of violence" ✔✔The Tarasoff duty/case Who is associated with the frustration-aggression theory? ✔✔John Dollard and Neal Miller Who is the father of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)? ✔✔Albert Ellis. Who came up with the cognitive dissonance theory? ✔✔Leon Festinger what is cognitive dissonance theory? ✔✔this theory predicts that a person will look for things which are consistent with their behavior. (to rationalize) what does the word 'emic' mean? ✔✔an insider's perspective of culture; relating to, or involving analysis of cultural phenomena from the perspective of one who participates in the culture being studied. what does autoplastic mean? ✔✔Change comes from within what does alloplastic mean? ✔✔ What is the sleeper effect? ✔✔after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message - someone's opinion might change well after the conversation. describe the ego (Freudian) ✔✔the executive administrator - controller of impulses describe the "id" ✔✔a person's instincts describe the superego ✔✔the conscience what is sublimation? ✔✔is when a person acts out an unconscious impulse in a socially acceptable way what is a Type II Error? ✔✔when a researcher has accepted a null hypothesis (ie: there is no difference between an experimental group and a group not receiving any experimental treatment) when it is false sour grapes rationalization ✔✔underrating a reward or set of circumstances (I didn't want it anyways) sweet lemon rationalization ✔✔over rates a reward or set up circumstances (saying how wonderful a distasteful set of circumstances really is - rationalizing) reaction formation ✔✔the person acts the opposite of the way he or she actually feels in contrast with freud, the neo-Freudians emphasized ✔✔social factors Eclectic counseling is most closely associated with who? ✔✔Frederick C. Thorne skinner's operant conditioning is also referred to as... ✔✔instrumental learning EEG feedback focuses on what part of the body? ✔✔brain EMG feedback focuses on what part of the body? ✔✔Muscles EKG feedback focuses on what part of the body? ✔✔Heart Who is associated most with trait and factor career counseling? ✔✔Parsons and WIlliamson what is sublimation? ✔✔when a person expresses an unacceptable need in a social acceptable manner what are Holland's six employment associations? ✔✔artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. which researches were the first to emphasize developmental factors related to occupational choice? ✔✔ginzberg, Ginsburg, axelrad, and herma it happened in about 1951 what is social learning? ✔✔people learn not only fromm the consequences of hier own behavior but also from observing the consequences of others who coined the term "the career rainbow"? ✔✔Donald Super who is associated with trait and factor matching theory ✔✔E.G. Williamson what is trait and factor matching theory ✔✔relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests What are John Holland's six personality/work environments? ✔✔realistic(doing), investigative (researcher), artistic (singer), social (teacher), enterprising (business owner), conventional (secretary, clerk). Congruence between the person and job are emphasized. who is associated with "self concept and developmental stage theory"? ✔✔Donald SUper Whos is associated with "early childhood needs theory approach" (Career) ✔✔Anne Roe what is anne roe's 'early childhood needs thoery'? ✔✔vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age. who is associated with "learning theory of career counseling" LTCC? ✔✔John Krumboltz ✔✔1. Genetic endowment and unique abilities 2. environmental conditions and life events 3. learning experiences 4.cognitive problem solving what are the three developmental stages set forth by the Ginzberg group (CAREER) ✔✔1.) 11 and under: fantacy 2.) 11-17: tentative 3.) 17-early adulthood: realistic. who is associated with career construction postmodern theory? ✔✔Mark Savickas ✔✔Focuses on how one's belief system impacts career choice what are the two phases or linda gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise? ✔✔phase one (circumscription): rule out certain jobs not acceptable for gender, stereotypes and social class phase two (compromise): change mind if career path is not truly realistic what are Edgar Schein's eight career anchors? Hint: Gas Spelt out of Schein's car. ✔✔1. autonomy/independence 2. security/stability 3. technical/functional competence 4. general managerial competence 5. entrepreneurial creativity 6. service/dedication to a cause 7. pure challenge 8. lifestyle according to satir what are the four basic patterns that prevent good family communication? ✔✔placating, blaming, being overly reasonable and being irrelevant ✔✔someone must complete a unpleasant task (low probability behavior) before engaging in a pleasant task (high probability behavior)