Respiratory Function, Questions with answers. 100% Accurate. Exam recap.

Respiratory Function, Questions with answers. 100% Accurate. Exam recap. Functions of the Respiratory system - ✔✔-ventilation, gas diffusion, gas transport, control of ventilation, defenses of the respiratory system ...

Respiratory Function, Questions with answers. 100% Accurate. Exam recap. Functions of the Respiratory system - ✔✔-ventilation, gas diffusion, gas transport, control of ventilation, defenses of the respiratory system, normal breathing pattern Factors affecting Resp. Function - ✔✔-body position (upright is best) environment (altitudes, air pollutants) lifestyle (smoking, meds, substance abuse, nutrition, exercise) increased WOB developmental stage(newborns (apnea); toddlers (choking hazards); adolescents (edu. about tobacco; adults (structural changes and med. conditions) clinical manifestations of respiratory disorders - ✔✔-cough, mucus production, dyspnea, cyanosis, angina, hypoxia, abnormal breath sounds, clubbing, orthopnea, accessory muscle use, hyper/hypoventilation, hemoptysis Impact of Resp. Dysfunction - ✔✔-ADLs Mobility Potential limited communication Social isolation Caregiver burden Restrictive lung movement - ✔✔-restriction of lung expansion or stiffening of lungs; PNA, ARDS, pulmonary fibrosis, obesity, surgery, neuromuscular disorders Obstructive lung movement - ✔✔-COPD: reduction in the diameter of the airway, increasing resistance; emphysema, asthma, bronchitis Pulmonary emphysema - ✔✔-Destruction of alveoli, narrowing bronchioles, and air trapping resulting in loss of lung elasticity Pulmonary emphysema s/s - ✔✔-dyspnea with productive cough, wheezes, crackles, barrel chest, clubbing, shallow/rapid respirations, resp. acidosis, hypoxia, anorexia, weight loss. Nursing interventions for respiratory dysfunction - ✔✔-position upright and leaning forward, chest physiotherapy, spacing activities, oxygen, encourage fluids, nutrition, emotional support, pursed lip breathing, report s/s of infection, avoid allergens Asthma - ✔✔-air trapping within the lungs, with secondary hyperreactivity to allergens or triggers such as food, meds, or inhaled substances Asthma s/s - ✔✔-sudden, severe dyspnea with accessory muscle use, diaphoresis and anxiety, wheezing or gasping. cyanosis (late sign) Asthma Nursing Interventions - ✔✔-High-Fowler's position Monitor lung sounds and pulse oximetry Bronchodilator via MDI or nebulizer Monitor oxygen therapy Corticosteroids to decrease airway inflammation Albuterol - ✔✔-Acts by selectively activating the beta2-receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation and decreased airway resistance Beta2-adrenerigic agonists ; Bronchodilator Indications: Prevent attack, treat ongoing attack, long-term control Contraindications: beta-adrenergic blockers (Propanolol) - can negate the effects Albuterol adverse effects - ✔✔-CNS - Restlessness, tremors, anxiety CV - Tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmia GI - Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth Albuterol patient teaching - ✔✔-Administer beta2-agonist before glucocorticoid because it promotes bronchodilation and enhances absorption of the glucocorticoid Shake well before use- Wait 1 minute in between puffs Flovent - ✔✔-Medication used to decrease inflammation and swelling of the airways, suppress mucus production, and promote responsiveness of beta2-receptors Glucocorticoid Indications: long-term prophylaxis Flovent Adverse Effects - ✔✔-Respiratory: URI and upper respiratory inflammation, cough HEENT: sinusitis, sinus infection, throat irritation, oral thrush, headache Flovent- Patient Teaching - ✔✔-Decrease strength of the immune system and mask signs of infection Administer on a fixed schedule Oral care after administration Objective Assessment - ✔✔-mental status Inspect (rate, rhythm, effort, thoracic changes, cyanosis) palpation auscultation sputum chest x-ray oximetry PFTs, ABG Ineffective Breathing Pattern - ✔✔-Breathing pattern does not provide adequate ventilation Ineffective Airway Clearance - ✔✔-secretions or obstruction prevent air movement in the airways Impaired Gas Exchange - ✔✔-There is an excess or deficit of O2 and/or CO2 at the alveolar capillary level Nursing Outcomes - ✔✔-Patient will mobilize secretions Patient will maintain O2 saturation of >93% Patient will demonstrate effective deep breathing and coughing technique Health promotion - ✔✔-Smoking cessatio