A&P Chapter 1-3 Top Examinable
Questions and answers, rated A
Anatomy - ✔✔identification and description of the structures of living things
Physiology - ✔✔study of the function of the body's machinery
Cytology - ✔✔s
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A&P Chapter 1-3 Top Examinable
Questions and answers, rated A
Anatomy - ✔✔identification and description of the structures of living things
Physiology - ✔✔study of the function of the body's machinery
Cytology - ✔✔study of cells
Histology - ✔✔study of tissues
Embroyology - ✔✔study of embryos and their development
Pathology - ✔✔study of disease
Systemic - ✔✔of or pertaining to the entire body; relating to a system or systems
Principle of Complementarity - ✔✔function always reflects structure; what a structure can do depends
on its specific form
6 levels of structural organization - ✔✔chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
8 fundamental characteristic functions necessary to maintain life in humans (3 M, 2 R, GED) - ✔✔1.
Maintain boundaries
2.Movement
3. Metabolism
4.Reproduction
5. Responsiveness
6. Growth
7. Excretion
8. Digestion
The 5 survival needs of the body - ✔✔1. Nutrients
2.Oxygen
3. Water
4. Normal body temp (98.6)
5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis - ✔✔maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
Negative feedback - ✔✔a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that REDUCE
the stimulus
ex. body cools down
Positive feedback - ✔✔Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output.
Ex. blood clotting
Homeostatic imbalance - ✔✔a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease
Anatomical position - ✔✔standard method of observing the body
Position
Standing
Feet together
Arms at side
Head and eyes forward
Palms forward
When describing organs, everything is mirror imaged (if it is your left, it is classified as right)
Superior - ✔✔towards the head/ above
Inferior - ✔✔towards the feet/ below
Anterior - ✔✔front of the body
Posterior - ✔✔back of the body
Ventral - ✔✔front/ belly side
Dorsal - ✔✔back side
Medial - ✔✔towards the midline/ middle
Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline/ towards the side
Distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal - ✔✔Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk
Sagittal - ✔✔A plane that divides the body into right and left portions.
Transverse - ✔✔Divides body into upper and lower parts
Frontal - ✔✔divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
List the major cavities of the body and the organs found in each: - ✔✔Dorsal cavity- cranial( head ) and
vertebral (spine)
Ventral- Thoracic (heart and brain) Abdominal (stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, large intestine, small
intestine, pancreas, kidneys and adrenal glands), Pelvic (reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, the
pelvic colon, and the rectum)
Name and describe the membranes that line the body cavities and suspend the organs within - ✔✔1.
Pericardium membrane: heart
2. Pleura: lungs
3. Peritoneum: abdominopelvic cavity
nine abdominopelvic regions - ✔✔right hypochondria
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