SOP 3004-003 FSU Altgelt Exam 1, 100% Coverage, Exam Preview terms and questions. Rated A

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SOP 3004-003 FSU Altgelt Exam 1, 100% Coverage, Exam Preview terms and questions. Rated A causal relationship - ✔✔-Experiments can uncover causal relations between variables Challenges of re... search in Social Psychology - ✔✔-Problems with survey methods (like social desirability bias)Not everything is easily tested through an experimentA lot of the existing research has used WEIRD participantsWestern, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic sociocultural theory - ✔✔-Theorizes that larger social groups exert a lot of influence on social behavior of an individualExamples of groups: families, neighborhoods, ethnic groups, nationality, social class, etc. Social norms = Rules about appropriate behavior Evolutionary Theory - ✔✔-Theorizes that humans have deep-rooted physical and psychological dispositions that aid survival and reproductionInterested in how humans are ALIKE, regardless of culture social learning theory - ✔✔-Theorizes that social behavior is driven by prior learning experiences, and shaped through reinforcement and punishmentWhen rewarded for certain behaviors (positive or negative), we are more likely to do them in the futureSearches for causes of behavior in a person's environment Theorizes that social behavior is driven by subjective interpretation and perception of events social cognitive theory - ✔✔-Focuses on internal processes involved in social events: attentionperceptionprocessingmemory There is too much social information to process it all, so we use mental short-cuts (aka "heuristics")Such selective processing can lead to errors/biasesExample: we process information in a biased way that flatters ourselves Natural selection - ✔✔-process in which characteristics that aid in survival are passed onto offspring 3 principles: Variation (which is random)Heritability (passed on genetically)Differential survival/reproductive success Sexual selection - ✔✔-Same 3 principles:VariationHeritabilityDifferential reproductive success Changes in POPULATION (not individuals or organisms)Changes based on mate choice How does evolutionary Psychology inform Social Psychology? - ✔✔-Advantageous genes that were heritable (genetically passed down) were passed on to humans who are living todayAdaptations can be physical, psychological, or behavioral! Features & characteristics that individuals bring into social situations - ✔✔- PhysicalAttitudes/preferencesPsychological traitsGenetics/physiologyPast learning experiencesCan be temporary or permanent The Situation - ✔✔-Events or circumstances outside the personCan be fleeting events in immediate environmentCan be long-lasting (e.g., rearing environment) A major principle of Social Psychology: - ✔✔-behavior equals person times situation The personMotivation: What drives us - ✔✔-S ocial behavior is goal-oriented!Goals = something one wishes to achieveGoals exist at multiple levels Some goals help us reach other more important goalsMotives = goals with a broad scope Fundamental motive #1: - ✔✔-To establish social tiesOther people are necessary for survival an Fundamental motive #2 - ✔✔-o understand ourselves/othersSocial knowledge is necessary forhuman relationshipsPeople who are out of touch with themselves or others will have a hard time functioning in a social group Fundamental motive #3: - ✔✔-To gain/maintain statusSocial hierarchies are importantcross-speciesWe are motivated to gain others' regard Fundamental motive #4: - ✔✔-o defend ourselves & other Fundamental motive #5: - ✔✔-To attract & retain matesPeople go to great lengths to find and keep partnersSome theorists believe that the goal of reproduction underlies all other goals Schema - ✔✔-mentalrepresentation thatcaptures the general characteristicsof an episode, event, or person Priming - ✔✔-the process of activating knowledge or goals (making them ready for use) Attitudes - ✔✔-positive or negativeevaluations ... can be:Automatic (aka "Implicit") = Gut-level, automatic, unconsciousDeliberative (aka "Explicit") =Require thought, effortful, can consciouslyaccess and report Social Cognition - ✔✔-The process of thinking about and making sense of oneself and othersHow people think about their social world influenceshow they act 4 core processes of Social Cognition: - ✔✔-attention, interpretation, judgement, memory The Goals of Social Cognition - ✔✔-To be flexibleTo conserve mental effort (be efficient)To think well of oneselfTo be accurate Expectations - ✔✔-Our beliefs about the worldTell us what to expect from people and situationsSaves us from having to evaluate every situation from scratch Dispositional Inferences - ✔✔-Judgments based on the person, who they are, their personality Situational Inferences - ✔✔-Judgments based on the situation The Fundamental Attribution Error(aka "the Correspondence Bias") - ✔✔-Overestimate the influence of personality Underestimate the influence of situation The Actor/Observer Bias: - ✔✔-The Fund [Show More]

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