WGU D115 Unit 4 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

WGU D115 Unit 4 Questions and Answers 100% Pass How many months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner with an inability to conceive would be considered infertility? ✔✔Infertility is defined as the inability ...

WGU D115 Unit 4 Questions and Answers 100% Pass How many months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner with an inability to conceive would be considered infertility? ✔✔Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse with the same partner. A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which information about PID is correct? An episode of mild PID can decrease the possibility of a successful pregnancy by 80%. PID has not been associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Contracting this infection increases the risk of cervical cancer. This inflammation results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes. ✔✔PID results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes. The two students have clarified the information on PID. Which factor increases the risk for ovarian cancer after the age of 40 years? Prolonged lactation Multiple pregnancies Oral contraceptive use Never having children ✔✔Never having children Interruption of ovulatory cycles appears to have a protective function against developing ovarian cancer. This can be achieved with pregnancy, lactation, or use of oral contraceptives. Why is it advised to have children before 35 ✔✔Egg quality and sperm quality and motility decline with age. A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which pathophysiological condition causes most of the symptoms of BPH? Obstruction of the urethra Compression of the urethra Infection of the prostate Ischemia of the urethra ✔✔The prostate grows and compresses the urethra, causing most of the symptoms of BPH. Which unique factor causes adolescent girls to be at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? The position of susceptible cells on the adolescent cervix is different than in older women. They are in an experimental phase and believe they are resistant to developing STIs. The length of the vaginal canal is short in adolescents. The anus to the vaginal introitus is in close proximity in adolescent girls. ✔✔The transformational zone extends outside the cervical os in females of early reproductive age. As females age, this zone recedes into the cervical canal. How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus? Unbound in the blood via the placenta By direct inoculation with the fetal scalp electrodes exposed to maternal body fluids Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta Predominantly through infected cervical and vaginal secretions during the birth process ✔✔Gonorrhea is found in body fluids such as semen and vaginal secretions. It can be transmitted to an infant primarily through contact with the birth canal and affected secretions. Vital capacity (VC) decreases throughout the life span. This is due to the expected aging change in the adult where alveolar surface area Choose...increases decreases. ✔✔decreases Less matter means less surface area. What increases as a result of pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Oncotic pressure Serum sodium and water levels Capillary permeability Capillary hydrostatic pressure ✔✔ARDS is known to cause increased capillary permeability, thereby causing an influx of fluid such as serum and water to pool inside the alveoli leading to pulmonary edema Which three symptoms can most likely be found in a child with croup? Low-grade fever Coarse rhonchi Sore throat Nasopharyngeal congestion Barking cough Check My Answer ✔✔Sore throat and low-grade fever are often seen with croup, and a seal-like barking cough is pathognomonic for croup. Higher fevers are usually seen with pneumonia. Select three true statements regarding the infant's respiratory system. Increased resiliency makes infants more tolerant of respiratory problems than older children. Airway obstruction occurs sooner in infants than in older children. Infants are obligatory nose breathers. An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's. A baby is born with all the alveoli he or she will ever have ✔✔An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's because bones are more pliable in children, resulting in greater chest expansion. Infants are obligatory nose breathers; people learn to breathe through their mouths with age and conditioning. Airway obstruction occurs sooner in infants than in older children because infant airways are smaller and easier to obstruct with secretions. Signs of acute epiglottitis ✔✔his high fever and stridor, and he is in the tripod position. About Acute epiglottitis ✔✔Acute epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the mucosa with associated inflammation that leads to the rapid development of edema. Edema would cause severe, life-threatening obstruction of the upper airway. The healthcare team should maintain a calm atmosphere, so that the child does not become more anxious. He should not be provoked in any way. Do not examine his airway, as total airway obstruction may occur. Resuscitation equipment should be available, including a surgical airway tray, but ideally, these should be kept out of sight of both the child and his mother. Most common cause of amenorrhea ✔✔Pregnancy What is the majority of AUB( abnormal uterine bleeding) due to? and what is the first-line treatment ✔✔lack of ovulation and NSAIDS symptoms of a urethral stricture ✔✔UTI like symptoms, diminished force and caliber of the urinary stream, double urine stream What is Paraphimosis ✔✔foreskin is retracted and can't be moved forward to cover the glans. Can constrict blood flow * surgery must be performed to prevent necrosis. Torsion of testes ✔✔may not have high riding because of spermatic cord twisted What are the main causes of PID ✔✔chlamydia and gonorrhea main causes SX of PID ✔✔low bilateral abdominal pain, sx more likely to develop during or immediately after menstruation, uterine tenderness; increased risk for infertility Describe the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis ✔✔High fever, irritability, sore throat, inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress, also will take a forward leaning position, drooling and dysphagia. Life threatening emergency. **DO NOT examine the airway/throat - could cause laryngospasm and cause respiratory collapse. Most common cause of hypoxemia ✔✔Refers to an abnormal distribution of ventilation and perfusion (V/Q mismatch) - this is the most common cause of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia caused by inadequate ventilation of well perfused areas of the lung (low V/Q) - this type of mismatch is called shunting- occurs in atelectasis (alveoli filled with fluid). Hypoxemia caused by poor perfusion of well-ventilated portions of the lung (high V/Q), resulting in wasted ventilation- most common cause (PE impairs blood flow to a segment of the lung). What usually precedes Pneumonia ✔✔viral upper respiratory tract infection Clinical manifestations of ACTIVE TB ✔✔develops gradually- fatigue, weight loss, lethargy, low grade fever, night sweats, cough that produces purulent sputum (develops slowly). Clinical manifestations of squamous cell carcinoma ✔✔Squamous cell carcinoma- slow growthlocated centrally near hila and projects into bronchi - non-productive cough, airway obstruction, hypercalcemia, hemoptysis Signs and symptoms of an ACUTE asthma attack ✔✔coughing, wheezing- expiratory wheezes often described as high pitched and musical. Describe the pathological process that leads to pulmonary edema. ✔✔Valvular dysfunction, CAD, Left ventricular dysfunction, causes increase in left atrial pressure, causing increase in pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure. Most common cause of pulmonary edema is left sided heart disease. Most common cause of pulmonary edema ✔✔left sided heart disease ARDS can trigger... ✔✔severe pulmonary edema due to damaging the capillary membrane. What is the most common sign of upper airway obstruction ✔✔Stridor. Stridor is a high pitched harsh, vibratory sound with inspiration of variable pitch caused by turbulent flow through the partially obstructed airway - What is the first sign of puberty in girls? Growth of pubic hair Vaginal discharge Breast buds Menstruation ✔✔Breast buds are the first sign of puberty in girls, and they begin when estradiol secretions occur, typically from ages eight to nine in the United States. What are two common clinical manifestations of endometriosis? Dysuria Infertility Back and flank pain Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea ✔✔Irregular menses and hormonal fluctuations are thought to contribute to infertility. Dysmenorrhea, or painful periods, are the hallmark finding in endometriosis. It is the hormones that interact with the endometrial tissue (that can be in the uterus or migrate elsewhere in both women and men) that cause the pain of endometriosis. One treatment for the pain of endometriosis is to prevent menses. Men can have endometriosis as well. How does the epididymis become infected? The pathogenic microorganisms are attached to sperm that travel through the genital tract. The pathogenic microorganisms from the prostate fluid ascend to the epididymis. The pathogenic microorganisms from the tunica vaginalis are transported to the epididymis. The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder. ✔✔The epididymis becomes infected when the pathogenic microorganisms from an already infected urethra or bladder ascend the vasa deferentia. A patient reports small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days. Which treatment should the healthcare professional educate the patient about? Test of cure One-time dose of azithromycin Three injections of penicillin Acyclovir ✔✔Correct! The patient likely has HSV, a viral infection, and acyclovir (Zovirax) is used to treat it. What are four common modes of transmission for hepatitis B virus (HBV)? Needle punctures Blood transfusions Contact with infected body fluids Skin cuts Ingestion of infected substances ✔✔Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids, which includes punctures with infected needles, transfusions of contaminated blood, contact with infected body fluids, and the introduction of the pathogen through a break in the skin. Where would the healthcare professional expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds in an individual who aspirated food particles? Left lung Carina Right lung Trachea ✔✔Anatomically, the right lung has the shortest path from the trachea, so this is where decreased or absent breath sounds can be heard. A patient has pulmonary edema. Which condition should the healthcare professional assess the patient for as the priority? Aortic stenosis Right-sided heart failure Mitral valve prolapse Left-sided heart failure ✔✔Left-sided heart failure is most important to determine because it dictates diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary edema. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) may contribute to the pathophysiological characteristics of asthma? lgM lgA lgE lgG ✔✔IgE is produced by the body as an allergic response to an allergen. What is the most common route of lower respiratory tract infection? Spread of microorganisms to the lung via blood Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions Poor mucous membrane protection Inhalation of microorganisms ✔✔Oropharyngeal pathogens are sucked into the lungs with aspiration, thus enabling them to grow deep in the alveoli of the lungs and cause a lower respiratory tract infection. Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life. Which virus most often causes bronchiolitis in the first year of life? Adenovirus Rhinovirus Influenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus ✔✔Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) most often causes bronchiolitis in the first year of life.