Foundations of Reading – 090 Latest
2023 Graded A+
phoneme ✔✔a phoneme is the smallest part of SPOKEN language that makes a difference in the
meaning of the word. English has 44 phonemes. Think of tapping.
grapheme ✔
...
Foundations of Reading – 090 Latest
2023 Graded A+
phoneme ✔✔a phoneme is the smallest part of SPOKEN language that makes a difference in the
meaning of the word. English has 44 phonemes. Think of tapping.
grapheme ✔✔smallest part of WRITTEN language. Think of line on graph. Graphemes could be
only one letter like b,d,f,p,s; or several letters such as ch, sh, th, ck, ea, igh.
phonics ✔✔the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes (sounds
of a spoken language) and graphemes (written language).
phonemic awareness ✔✔the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual soundsphonemes- in spoken words. this is purely auditory skill and does not involve a connection to the
written form of language. ONLY SPOKEN. Lights on= alphabetic principle. Instruction must be
SYSTEMATIC AND EXPLICIT. Greatest predictors of reading success.
phonological awareness ✔✔a broad umbrella term that include phonemic awareness. In addition
to phonemes, phonological awareness activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables,
and onsets and rimes. Lights out its auditory. Ex. Rhyming, syllables, counting words in a
sentence, hearing and manipulating onset and rime and phonemic awareness.
syllable ✔✔a word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound.
onset and rime ✔✔parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than
phonemes. An onset is the initial constant sound of a syllable; a rime is the part of the syllable
that contains the vowel STOP= st= onset and op= rime.
Instruction must be.. ✔✔SYSTEMATIC AND EXPLICIT.
phoneme isolation ✔✔children recognize individual sounds in a word. Teacher: what is the first
sound in van? Children: The sound is v.
phoneme identity ✔✔children recognize the same sounds in different words. Teacher: What
sound is the same in fall, fix and fun. Student: The f is the same.
phoneme categorization ✔✔children recognize the word that is odd in a set. Teacher: What
doesn't belong Bus, Bun and Rug?
Student: Rug.
phoneme blending ✔✔children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then
combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: What word
is b/i/g? (tapping) Children: b/i/g/ is big.
phoneme segmenation ✔✔Teacher: How many sounds are in grab?
Children (tapping): g r a b. Four sounds.
Teacher: Now let's write the sounds in grab: g r a b
Teacher: writes grab on the board. Now we're going to read the word grab.
phoneme addition ✔✔Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word.
Write park, now change park to spark.
phoneme substitution ✔✔children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. the
word is bug. change bug to bun.
alphabetic principle ✔✔understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships
between written letters and spoken sounds. A apple a.
book handling skills ✔✔illustrates a children's knowledge of how books "work". How to hold
the book, tracking print from left to right, front and back cover, title page, dedication page etc.
environmental print ✔✔print found authentically in our environment, (street signs, store labels,
and food labels). Ex: Target, exit, cheerios and McDonalds.
emergent literacy ✔✔print carries meaning. Student knows that squiggly lines mean "cursive"
like their moms and dads do. Random letters put together that don't make words.
cueing systems ✔✔Semantics (meaning) Syntax (structure) and Phonics (visual). Strong readers
use all three. What readers use to predict, self correct and confirm when reading words that they
don't already know automatically.
SeMANtics/ MeANing ✔✔what would make sense? Demands knowledge of..
1. Context of the sentence/passage.
2. illustrations where available.
SynTax and STructure ✔✔what would sound right? would we say it that way? Demands
knowledge of..
Grammar, and an intuitive sense of the correct order of words in a sentence. subject verb
agreement, consistent use of tense.
visual/phonics ✔✔what word matches the print? What sounds do the l
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