CSTR STUDY GUIDE 2022/2023 Already Passed

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CSTR STUDY GUIDE 2022/2023 Already Passed AIS Components for ISS Scaling-Body Region 1. Head/Neck 2. Face 3. Chest 4. Abdominal/Pelvic Contents 5. Extremities/Pelvic Girdle Severe 6. External- Skin and Burns The adult skeletal system 206 bones Skull base fractures orbital roof, ethmoid, basilar process of occipital bone, petrous and squamous process of temporal bone (mastoid or petrous) Skull Vault fractures frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal bones (specifies squamous) Brain Hematomas EPH, SAH, SDH, IPH, ICH uncal herniation, transtentorial (cerebellum) - code ICD-10 - cord contusion = AIS code of 140202.5 = 5 squared = 25 ISS score. Meninges three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater Intracranial Injuries-Focal injuries picked up on CT scan. Contusion, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hematoma, intracerebral/intraparenchymal hemorrhage Intracranial Injuries-Nonfocal Head Injuries concussions, shear injury, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), anoxic brain injury (ABI) - these go down to the cellular level. Facial Bones • Orbits • Nasal bones • Maxillae • Mandible • Palatine • Vomer Facial Mechanisms of Injury deep lacerations, deformity, difficulty speaking, visual changes, entrapment of muscles, rhinorrhea, otorrhea, trismus Facial Diagnostics and Procedures CT scan, MRI scan, X rays, ORIF, Enucleation or removal of the eyeball. Neck Injury Indicators • Bleeding • Stridor • Difficulty Breathing • Bruising to the Neck • Deviated Trachea • Subcutaneous emphysema • Zones of the Neck: 1. Angle of the mandible to base of the skull 2. Cricothyroid Cartilage Neck Trauma procedures • Cricothyroidotomy - needle through a catheter • Tracheostomy - done when a patient is stabilized • Neck Exploration • Intubation Vertebral Column Dislocation • Ligamentous injuries - ligaments' purpose is to keep spine aligned. • Dislocations - unilateral facet, bilateral facet • Subluxation- partial dislocation Vertebral Column Fractures - • Simple • % compression or wedge • Comminuted or burst - broken into piece

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