AQA A Level Psychology: Schizophrenia
Latest 2023 Graded A+
What is Schizophrenia? ✔✔○ Severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruption of
cognition and emotion, affects language, perception, thought, affec
...
AQA A Level Psychology: Schizophrenia
Latest 2023 Graded A+
What is Schizophrenia? ✔✔○ Severe mental disorder characterised by profound disruption of
cognition and emotion, affects language, perception, thought, affect and sense of self
○ Thoughts & emotions impaired so contact is lost w/external reality
○ Consists of positive (excess or distortion of normal func) and negative (lack of func, weakens
ability to cope in everyday activities) symptoms
How is SZ diagnosed? ✔✔○ DSM - V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
5th edition) used in US while Europe ICD (International Classification of Diseases) is more
commonly used (11th version)
◘ Person must have experienced at least 2 symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, organised
speech, catatonic behavi, neg symp) or only 1 if symp. is bizarre/persistent hallucinations which
affects social functioning & is persistent for 6 mnths w/at least 1 mnth of active symptoms
○ Positive Symptoms:
◘ Hallucinations; bizarre, unreal perceptions of enviro can be auditory, visual, olfactory (smell)
or tactile (feeling)
◘ Delusions; bizarre beliefs that seem real to person, can be paranoid in nature (e.g. feeling of
being spied on/followed), may involve inflated beliefs (delusions of grandeur), delusions of
reference (events directly related to them e.g. 'personal' msgs over TV/radio)
◘ Disorganised speech; abnormal thought process, unable to organise own thoughts and shows
up in speech, slip from one topic to another (Derailment), sometimes incoherent (word salad)
◘ Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour; inability/motivation to initiate task/complete,
rigid postures, aimless motor activity
○ Negative Symptoms:
◘ Speech poverty (alogia); lessening of speech fluency and productivity, reflect slow/blocked
thoughts, fewer words in given time
◘ Avolition; reduction of interests/desires, inability to initiate/persist in goal-directed behave,
reduction in self-initiated involvement in activities available to patient
◘ Affective flattening; reduction in range/intensity of emotional expression, fewer body/facial
movements, deficit in prosody (intonation, tempo, loudness and pausing)
◘ Anhedonia; loss of interest/pleasure in all activities/lack of reactivity to normally pleasurable
stimuli, physical (food, bodily contact etc), social (int
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