Research Methods- Psychology AS AQA
(2022/2023) Already Passed
Internal validity ✔✔Whether the study has tested what it meant to test; degree to which observed
effect was due to experimental manipulation rather than e
...
Research Methods- Psychology AS AQA
(2022/2023) Already Passed
Internal validity ✔✔Whether the study has tested what it meant to test; degree to which observed
effect was due to experimental manipulation rather than extraneous variables
External validity ✔✔Degree to which research finding can be generalised: to other settings
(ecological validity); to other groups of people (population validity); over time (historical
validity)
Control ✔✔Refers to extent to which any variable is held constant or regulated by a researcher
Mundane realism ✔✔Refers to how a study mirrors real world. Task environment is realistic to
experiences encountered in real world.
Confidentiality ✔✔Participants right to have personal information protected
Deception ✔✔Where participant isn't told true aims of a study and thus can't give truly informed
consent
Informed consent ✔✔Participants have right to be given comprehensive information concerning
nature and purpose of research and their role in it so they can decided whether want to take part
Privacy ✔✔Persons right to control flow if information about themselves
Protection from harm ✔✔Participants shouldn't experience negative physical or psychological
effects
Right to withdraw ✔✔Participants should have right to withdraw from taking part in study where
they're feeling uncomfortable, also have right to refuse permission for researcher to use any data
they produced
Ethics committee ✔✔Group of people within research institution that must approve study before
it begins
Ethical guidelines ✔✔Concrete, quasi-legal documents that help guide conduct within
psychology by establishing principles for standard practice and competence
Presumptive consent ✔✔Method of dealing with lack informed consent or deception, by asking
group of people who are similar to participants whether they would agree to take part, if they
consent it is presented real people would also agree
Directional hypothesis ✔✔States direction of predicted differences between two conditions or
two groups of participants
Non-directional hypothesis ✔✔Predicts that there will be a difference between two conditions or
groups, without stating direction of difference
Pilot study ✔✔Small scale study run of study t
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