NES ESOL Exam Questions and
Answers Already Graded A
Morpheme ✔✔in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a
word (such as a prefix)
Acculturation ✔✔Borrowing culture traits fro
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NES ESOL Exam Questions and
Answers Already Graded A
Morpheme ✔✔in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a
word (such as a prefix)
Acculturation ✔✔Borrowing culture traits from another group. Incorporating new traits
WITHOUT altering its own culture.
Register ✔✔The form of a language that is appropriate to a given situation. Varies depending on
setting, relationships, linguistic interaction. Often students learn classroom langauge and are
unable to speak in informal settings.
Slang ✔✔Any nonstandard form of a language. Derogative sense (words & phrases not proper
for social interaction). Gives sense of community.
Phonology ✔✔SOUNDS of a langauge. The smallest unit of sound that can hold meaning is a
(phoneme).
Phonemic Awareness vs. Phonics ✔✔Phonemic awareness precedes phonics instruction.
Phonics = direct correspondence between letters & sounds (require presence of print). Alphabetic
principle.
Both needed as child prepares to read.
Phonemes & Graphemes ✔✔Phonetic alphabet /k/. Alphabetic symbols used to describe
phoneme.
Graphemes - an illustrative series of lettesr to describe sounds (phonemes). C in cold. K in
kilogram. Long "i" as in "fly" or "igh" in sigh.
Morphology ✔✔the study of the structure of words. Words are constructed out of letters. The
smallest meaningful unit of a morphological system is a (morpheme). EX: Boy can stand alone
or boys with other letters. (Many English exceptions: man --- men).
Syntax ✔✔Basic structure of a sentence. Order of words to make sense.
Phonetics ✔✔The study of the sounds of language. Phones have distinct properties with respect
to production. Real measureable sounds rather than sound unites (phonemes).
Minimal Pairs ✔✔A pair of words that differ by only a single sound and are recognized by
speakers as different words. i.e. bat/cat or hare/dare
Onset & Rime ✔✔The sound that initiates a syllab
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