LCDC Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

LCDC Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass AUDIT ✔✔world health organization, over 8 suggests harmful consumption, looks at frequency CAGE ✔✔Cutting back, annoyed, guilt, eye opener, looks at alc dependence DAST ✔✔dru ...

LCDC Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass AUDIT ✔✔world health organization, over 8 suggests harmful consumption, looks at frequency CAGE ✔✔Cutting back, annoyed, guilt, eye opener, looks at alc dependence DAST ✔✔drug dependence other than alc...lifetime severity RAPS4 ✔✔Remorse, amnesia, personal respon, start day with drink...alc dependence SASSI ✔✔allows diagnosis of cohabitating disorders...self report TWEAK ✔✔use/abuse during pregnancy ADS ✔✔Alc dependence scale...25 item, severity of alc...is a quantitative measure AUI ✔✔screening tool...frequency, patterns and how use is perceived and attempts to control CBI ✔✔coping behav inventory...relapse, social supports, attitude and avoidance WAIS ✔✔Weschler...intelligence tet MMPI ✔✔personality inventory...detects pathology MMPI ✔✔MacAndrews alc scale Myers Briggs ✔✔1-16 personality...no pathology EMT ✔✔urine tests, tests metabolites/drugs, heroin, marij, pcp, cocaine Beck depression ✔✔21 item...depression symptoms for 2 weeks...29-63 depression CDT ✔✔blood biomarker...detects long term drinking Induced disorder ✔✔brought on or worsened by substance sub abuse disorder ✔✔substance abuse and dependence Axis I ✔✔mood disorders Axis II ✔✔personality disorder Cluster A ✔✔odd...eccentric...suspicious Cluster B ✔✔dramatic...emotional..impulsive...lack empathy Cluster C ✔✔Fearful...anxious...perfectionist Axis III ✔✔medical Axis IV ✔✔environmental and social problems Substance abuse ✔✔maladaptive patter of abuse...1 of 4 criteria..failure to meet life duties. cant quit, legal problems, continues regardless of danger Substance dependence ✔✔maladaptive pattern...3 of 7 criteria..cutting back, cont use despite prob, tolerance, gives up activities Affect ✔✔outward expression to internal state Mood ✔✔sustained emotion that colors the perception of the world Dellusions ✔✔continued belief of something even when proof against it....false belief based on faulty external reality Hallucinations ✔✔sensory perception of reality occuring without external stimuli Illusions ✔✔misperception about a real external stimuli...rustling leafs... Assesment ✔✔gathering info about pt in order to make informed diagnostic impression Active listening ✔✔reflect pt emotions, counselor remains neutral Empathy ✔✔ability to perceive pt emotions and see their world thru their eyes concreteness ✔✔relates vague aspect to concrete terms...helps with coping skills paraphrasing ✔✔picking out emotions and repeating them back with added clarity...builds trust and reduces resistance Reflection ✔✔restates content that produces emotions, counselor stays neutral simplifying ✔✔reflection, removes confusion, avoids convoluted explanations so they can solve problem in here and now Attending ✔✔cues that let pt know your listening Probing ✔✔open ended questions help clarify and move to new understanding Reframing ✔✔offers new perspective to situation exploring alternatives ✔✔examine various options to pt Person Centered Theory ✔✔Carl Rogers Person Centered ✔✔Here and now...people are resourceful and capable of solving own problems and are trustworthy Person Centered ✔✔3 characteristics; unconditional positve regard, genuiness and accurate empathy Person Centered ✔✔in addictions counseling; builds rapport and T.R to help pt recover Reality Therapy ✔✔William Glasser Reality Therapy ✔✔Help pt in here and now...frustrated with psychoanalysis Reality Therapy ✔✔humans have 2 basic needs; love and feel worthwhile Reality Therapy ✔✔accepts no excuses..holds pt accountable..allows for natural consequences...no enabling Reality Therapy techniques ✔✔challenge inappropriate beh, focus on strengths, discourages excses, help pt achieve goal, find constructive way to meet goals Reality therapy ✔✔rejects medical mode, emphasis on responsibility, no transference and encourages counselor to be himself Rational Emotive ✔✔Albert Ellis Rational Emotive ✔✔people born with both rational and irrational beliefs Rational Emotive ✔✔learn irrational thoughts as a child that can lead to self destructive behavior...disturbances come from faulty beliefs of everyone should love you Rational Emotive ✔✔Help pt confront irrational beliefs through gathering evidence...pt becomes aware of automatic thought process Rational Emotive - irrational thoughts ✔✔lead to self criticism, isolation, self abuse, not striving for potential and drug use Rational Emotive ✔✔A-B-C; activating event, belief about, and consequences Rational Emotive - techniques ✔✔detect irrational beliefs through words (ought, should, must and always)...when is that not true...homework given Cognitive behavior ✔✔Aaron Beck Cognitive behavior ✔✔focus on here and now, pt with emotional probls have faulty thinking or incorrect info Cognitive behavior ✔✔cognitive distortions - over generalization, minimization, personalizing events, polarized thinking Cognitive behavior - Techniques ✔✔challenge faulty thoughts, ask where did evidence come from, instill hope, Socratic Brief Therapy ✔✔time limited, structured, directed at specific goal Brief Therapy ✔✔uses motivation to change behavior, avoid getting ahead of pt, understands stages to help clinican Brief Therapy ✔✔reduces pt risk of harm from controlled substance use, specific goals for consumption pattern, key is to extract single behavior change process Brief Therapy ✔✔Five Stages Brief Therapy - Precontemplation ✔✔user not considering change, or acknowledge problem exists Brief Therapy - contemplation ✔✔acknowledges problem, ambivalent about change Brief Therapy - determination ✔✔begins once user decides to change - plan of action Brief Therapy - action ✔✔putting plan into action, uses new behav, not yet stable Brief Therapy - maintenance ✔✔establishes new behav on long term basis Constructivism ✔✔George Kelly Constructivism ✔✔people have system of constructs and symbols that reflect themselves in their world. Problem is discrepancy between people capacity and current demands of environment. Constructivism ✔✔focus current problem,then patterns...attention given to background and early attachment Constructivism ✔✔view people positive optimistic terms, they are proactive, goal driven, and they operate according to the knowledge they posses Constructivism ✔✔clinican does not direct or pursuade, they use elaboration and metaphors to advance the process, serve as co-investigators helping pt construct rewarding way of being and coping. Feminist therapy ✔✔Helen Deutsch and Karen Horney Feminist therapy ✔✔develop a traditional role while examining discriminatory aspects of being...not limited to being mother, wife and caregiver Feminist therapy ✔✔Give women view of social position and sense of community with new power, possibilities and overriding binding stigmas Family Systems Theory ✔✔Bowen Family Systems Theory ✔✔past and present focus, 3 generation family of origin Family Systems Theory ✔✔differentiation of self, help decrease anxiety and enmeshment, therapist neutral staying out of triangle Family Systems Theory ✔✔help addicts decrease anxiety by getting family members to focus on their own recovery Human Validation process ✔✔Virginia Satir Human Validation process ✔✔Family communicates in present which is based on their past...no need to delve into past Human Validation process ✔✔Therapist is the role model, facilitator, resource person and investigator Human Validation process ✔✔Clear communication - ask for clarification, look for incongreunt messages and check for assumptions Human Validation process ✔✔interprets anger as hurt Human Validation process ✔✔Does not allow family members to speak for one another Human Validation process ✔✔helps familys listen to each other, interrupt less and speak for themselves Structural famly therapy - present & past ✔✔Salvador MinuchinStructural famly therapy - present & past ✔✔modify the present Structural famly therapy - present & past ✔✔past can be changed by interventions Structural famly therapy - present & past ✔✔Three subsystems of nuclear family - parent subsystem, sibling, sibling/parent Structural famly therapy - Clear boundaries ✔✔Clear but firm boundaries Structural famly therapy - present & past ✔✔family supported but nurtured, balance between autonomy and connectedness; freedom to indivuate Structural famly therapy - Rigid boundaries ✔✔too much distance between family members, children fight for boundaries, negotiate for themselves without parental protection Structural famly therapy - diffuse boundaries ✔✔enmeshment, everyone in everyone elses business, distinctions not present between subsystems Intervention - organizer ✔✔witnessed the addiction firsthand and aware of consequences Intervention - choose team ✔✔choose team gather data, make list of incidents, describe incident, no anger or accusations Intervention - rehearse ✔✔go over each item on list, determine order to read list, allows you to find out team members individual emotions Intervention - steps ✔✔determine steps that will be taken if person does not seek help Intervention - treatment ✔✔find out about treatment, cost and info Therapeutic community ✔✔believes substance abuse is whole person; self help proess of incremental learning; changes in behavior, values and attitudes Social learning model ✔✔therp communities based on social learning model, goal is to learn to be different by participating in community that operates by different rules; commonly used for judicial treatment Deleon components ✔✔members contribute, observe peers, model behavir, shared norms and values, structure, and relationships Case Mgt - Assessment ✔✔identify pt strength, weakness and needs Case Mgt - Planning ✔✔negotiate what pt wants, develop plan for achieving it Case Mgt - linking system ✔✔help pt obtain required services by referring to services for formal/informal care Case Mgt - advocacy ✔✔intercede on behalf of pt to obtain needed resources Case Mgt - monitoring ✔✔evaluate progress continuously and take action if needed Case Mgt - Brokerage- ✔✔id pt needs help access resources, no advocacy but when pt needs access to resources Case Mgt - Assertive community ✔✔frequent long term contact with pt in natural setting, focus on practical problems of daily living Case Mgt - strengths based ✔✔aggressive outreach, helps pt develop goal, advocates, and view community as resources not a barrier, this is an alternative to disease concept Level I Treatment ✔✔outpatient Level 2 treatment ✔✔intensive outpatient/partical hospitalization Level 3 ✔✔residential or inpatient Level 4 ✔✔medically managed intensive inpatient Aftercare ✔✔called continuing care, follows discharge, case mgr helps transition, and take responsibility for their lives Disengagement ✔✔takes place over time, discuss what has been learned in treatment Community resources ✔✔coordination variety of resources, counselor should be familiar with resources Advocacy coordination in case mgt ✔✔involves coordinating with family, community agencies, legal system and legislative bodies Culturally sensitive case mgt ✔✔pt should be linked to services whose values are consistent with their own Case mgt with women ✔✔reluctant to seek treatment without encouragement, medical, mental health and family counseling see more women case mgt with adolescents ✔✔encouraging family involvement, provide support, track relapse episodes, connect with school, work and community resources Evaluate case mgt effectiveness ✔✔track through interviews, professionals, self report, arrests.. Sociocultural view of substance disorders ✔✔stressful socioeconomic conditions, cultural differences in drinking patterns can enhane or reduce risk; social pressure, attitudes and cultural norms all influence behavioral view ✔✔influence both positive and negative reinforcement as casual factor for cont drug use; positve reinforcement reinforces the cont use because of pleasure pathway, reinforcement pleasure thru effects on GABA neurotransmitters Negative reinforcement ✔✔provides escape from neg feelings, also called tension reduction, self medication; avoiding unpleasant w/d symptoms Biological view ✔✔different between children of alc dependent parents and non Mesolimbic dopamine sys ✔✔some are more likely to have gene present that regulates sensitivity of dopamine receptor sites in reward center of brain Aldehyde dehydrogenase ✔✔some people lack and this helps break down acetaldehyde (byproduct of alc) down, increased causes to feel sick, flush, especially in Asians Primary prevention ✔✔intended for young with no experience, promotes abstinence, develops refusal skills, promote viable alternatives Secondary prevention ✔✔seeks to stop experimental, incorporates intervention, education, skills to avoid future use, instead of jail use treatment Tertiary prevention ✔✔focus on stopping progressive damage of drug use, incorporates group intervention to get people into treatment, residential ther communities, promotes healthire life style Treatment recovery continuum ✔✔nonuse, moderate and non problematic use, heavy and non problematic use, heavey use with moderal life, heavy use with seirous life prob, depen/addiction with life and health prob Identification ✔✔can be self id, court order, probation Assessment ✔✔collection of data from indiv/sources to determine extend of problems/weakness/streng and used for planning treatment Stabilization ✔✔includes need for detox at a medical facility Rehab/tx program ✔✔can range from providing duc, intensive outpatient, inpatient residential prog Relapse prevention ✔✔recovery and relapse are ongoing, not one event, should id individual triggers and plan to confront as they occur, should be part of pt aftercare AVE ✔✔abstinence violation effect - tendency for some to use substances problematically when they believe abstinence is too difficult, happens when person attempts to abstain and then faces conflict and guilt Drug substitution ✔✔mmt - sub illegal for legal Denial ✔✔early when occasional excessive drinking are explained as isolated event Attempts to eliminate ✔✔users partner realizes usage not normal and pressures him to quit/cut back Disorganization/chaos ✔✔family operations have broken down, partner has to deal with critical situations Reorganization in spite of prob ✔✔partner takes charge redirecting main focus from user to maintain life Efforts to escape ✔✔form of seperation or divorce Family reorganization ✔✔seperation occurs and family without user Physical signs of alc ✔✔weakened overall appearance, hyper pigmented, jaundice skin, ataxia, unstady gate Internal signs of alc ✔✔irritation causes inflammation, abdominal pain, bleeding esophagus and stomach Chronic use ✔✔acute pancreatitis, inflammation of panreas, blocking of duct causing digestive juices to produce fat and then injury through attempts to digest Moderate alc ✔✔decrease risk of gallstones, harms liver, acute fatty liver is fat deposits, build up in liver cells, is reversable if stopped Alcoholic hepatitis ✔✔heavy or extnded bout of alco, inflammation of liver, metablilism is disrupted, jaundice, may be reversible with medical intervention Cirrhosis ✔✔permanent, widespread destruction of liver cells, progress can slow with cessation Anemia ✔✔insufficeient function of red blood cells, affects nutrient levels, buildup of toxins reduces red blood cells production, those that are produced are defective and can cause bleeding from ulcers White blood cells ✔✔chronic alc use reduces white blood cells, negatively affects immune sys, increases chances of infection AHMD ✔✔alco heart muscle disease - serious condition where heart does not pump amt of blood needed for demands of body Seasonal alco arrhythmias ✔✔healy alco consumption assoc with holidays, subsides in few days ADH ✔✔antidireutic hormone - can inhibit production and output of ADH by pituitary region of brain, causing kidneys to reasbsorb less water, and produce more urine Respiratory sys decrease ✔✔increases respirations when low to moderate doses are used, larger or toxic amts Pulmonary defense ✔✔contrubtue to chronic obsturction in airflow, bronchospasm, affects asthma lung cancer high long term drinkers, smokers and increases risk of TB Endocrine syst ✔✔affect pituitary gland, liver damage, production of, reception of and metabolizing of hormones may be affected by alco Skin ✔✔dilates vessels of skin, jaundice, itching, changes in hair distribution, skin infections because liver dysfunciton Musculoskeletal syst ✔✔arthritis, gouty arthiritis CNS ✔✔most profoundly affected, cns adapts to presence of alco..nature of tolerance, dependence, craving and W/d...cns is affected more by increasing alco level but decreasing level known as Mellanby effect Brain ✔✔heavy drinking...lead to organic brain syndrome, alc demential, decline of intellect, wernicke disease assoc with B1 deficiency Black out ✔✔amnesia like state, appear to be functioning normally but have no memory of what went on Step 1 ✔✔admit powerlessness and lives unmanageble Step 2 ✔✔a power greater than ourselves can restor sanity..indiv recognizes insanity of and moves toward higher power Step 3 ✔✔made decision to turn lives over to God, enables indiv to go to life preserver, begins search for own direction Step 4 ✔✔Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of self, provokes indiv to look closer at basic errors in perceptin, begains teaching about responsibility Step 5 ✔✔Admit to God, ourselves and others the nature of our wrongs, allows the release of neg behav and wrong doings Step 6 ✔✔we entirely ready to have God remove all defects of character, this step let go Step 7 ✔✔Humbly ask him to remove short comings, admits to fear of repeated unhealthy behav Step 8 ✔✔made list of person harmed and make amends Step 9 ✔✔made direct aments, concerded effort to clean up situations and wrong doings Step 10 ✔✔Cont to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admit it...promote support of sobriey and continue chane, helps recognize dont have to slip back into old habits Step 11 ✔✔sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God Step 12 ✔✔having had spiritual awakening as result of steps, this step vital to maintain sobriety, sharing steps with others Rational recovery ✔✔non promit, self help based on Rational Emotive ther, self reliance and ability to use rational thinking to sustain abstinence. AVRT addictive coice recognition technique Moderate mgt ✔✔not intended for alcoholic, but prblem drinkers, abstinence is not primary goals but guidelines and limits for moderate drinking, promotes early self recognition of risky drinking behav Secular org for sobriety SOS ✔✔promotes one day at a time toward sobriety, non religious, sobriety being the priority in addict life Womens for sobriety ✔✔spiritual base, believes 12 step works for men, emphasizing power of positive emotion Drug ✔✔any substance, after enters body changes either the structure or function of body Medicine ✔✔includes drugs used to prevent, treatment, diagnose illness/relieve pain Misuse ✔✔unintentional or inappropriate use of drug for what other than intended Abuse ✔✔intentional use of drug other than intended, to achiee altered state of consciousness, leads to mental, phyusical, emotional or social impariment of using, family or society Intoxication ✔✔temporary change caused by significant amt of drug affecting emotional, cognitive or psychomotor functioning Dependence ✔✔after using drugs, indiv finds difficult or impossible to control use, dependenc or addiction usually involves tolerance or W/D Physical dep ✔✔state of functional adaptation to drug in which presence of foreigh chemical becomes normal and absence of drug would present abnormal state Cross dependence ✔✔evident when person who is physicall dep to one drug can lessen or prevent w/d symptoms by using other drugs with similar classification Tolerance ✔✔altered physiolocal state develops after repeated drug use and body becomes accustomed and adapts to presence of drug, evidenced by drug having less of an effect in same dose Pharmacodynamic tolerance ✔✔nerve cells become less sensitive to effects of drug over time Metabolic tolerance ✔✔liver adapts to presence of drug over time and produces mre enzyme to break down drug Behavioral tolerance ✔✔when, after peiro of time repeated drug use the user is able to modify their behav in hopes that others wont notice intoxication Cross tolerance ✔✔when tolerance develops, the indiv may show increased tolerance to effects of another drug in same class Reverse tolerance ✔✔kindling efect - indiv can become more senstive to drugs rather than less sensitive W/D ✔✔neg symptoms result from abrpt discontinuation of drug, revelas physical depend invluves oppostive reaction in body Dose ✔✔amt of drug taken at any particular time Half life ✔✔length of time drug remains in body and continues to affect user Threshold dose ✔✔minimal dose - smallest amt of drug to produce detectable response Max effect ✔✔greatest response from drug no matter the dose given or taken Effective dose ✔✔amt of drug necessary to get desired effect in about 50% of those who use Lethal dose ✔✔dose of drug results in death Therapeutic index ✔✔dose determined to be safe for use and desired effect of drug, determined by dividing the lethal dose by effective dose Potency ✔✔amt of drug needed to produce desired effect Additive Effect ✔✔when two or more drugs used same time result are equal to the sum of the actions of the drugs used Synergistic interactions ✔✔occur two or more drugs used same time, results are greater than the sum of the actions of the drugs used Antagonistic interactions ✔✔occur when two or more drugs used same time, results are less than the sum of the acitons of the drug or they cancel the effects of each other Oral ✔✔mouth or swallowed - 15 min Injected ✔✔IV - few seconds to minutes Inhalation ✔✔inhaled into lungs, immediately or few sec Snorted ✔✔inhaled into nose absorbed through mucus membrances Neurotransmitters ✔✔chemical messengers Gaba ✔✔relates to inhibitory factors and slows communication Norepinephrine ✔✔arousal reactions and moods Dopamine ✔✔feeling of pleausre Serotonin ✔✔anxiety, depression and aggressiveness Acetylcholine ✔✔arousal reactions or inhibitory factors VTA ✔✔bentral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of brain make up leasure center, responsible for reward sys for all drugs Abuse potential ✔✔speed of action and how long lasts/ and social factors Schedule I ✔✔high level of abuse/dep, no accepted medical, heroin, lsd, marijuana Schedule II ✔✔some medical use, restrictions of manufaucturing, prescriptions not refillable Schedule III ✔✔moderate to low physical dep, high psychological dep, medical uses; steriords, barbituates, ketamine Schedule IV ✔✔low physical dep, moderate psychologcal dep, xanax, barbitatues, chloral hydrate Schedule V ✔✔low risk for either; medical mixture of opium or codeine Depressants ✔✔slow CNS, decreases alertness and judgment, binds to GABA inhibitor receptors Alco W/D ✔✔anxiety, hyper arousal, elevated vitals, sweating, shakes, altered perceptin, visual/tactile hallucinations and illusions/swizures, possible death if combined with alco or barbituate Stimulants ✔✔increase CNS, orally, injected, smoked or snorted Cocaine ✔✔snorting - 20 to 30 min, remains brain 2/3 days, affects dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin; blocks reuptake of dopamine increasing amt and prolonging the dopamine effect Cocaine ✔✔decrease noraml amt of dopamine in brain with prolonged use Amphetamine ✔✔direct the release of dopamine and norepinephrine and blocks reuptake creating euphoric effect Meth ✔✔smoke, immediate intense rush lasts few min Stimulants produce ✔✔alertness, well being, euphoria, increased engry,anxiety, medical prob, cardiac, cns, respiratory and potential death Stimulants ✔✔tolerance and dependence, snxiety, confusion, social w/d, weight loss, psychosis, potential death, ireversable prob with CNS Stimulant W/D ✔✔depression with suicidal thoughts, excessive need for sleep, fatigue, increased appetite, drug craving, not life threathening but suicide potential high Hallucinogens ✔✔change sensory perceptino and alter reality; hallicunations naturally occuring and synthetically prepared drugs LSD ✔✔panic attacks, increased blood pressure, heart palpitations, tremors, nausea, muscle weakness, increased temp, LSD ✔✔structured like serotonin and binds to receptors MDMA ✔✔nausea, clenching of jaw, blurred vision, painic attacks, confusion, depression, paranoid psychosis, increased temp, cardiac arrest PCP ✔✔psychotic reactions, bizarre behavior, ourbursts of hostility and violence, impending death Ketamine ✔✔can be snorted or injected, frightening experience of complete sensory detachment, paranoia, boredom, explained near death experiences Cannabinoids ✔✔mari, hashish, thc, well being, relaxed, euphoria, etachment, altered level of consciuonsess, altered sense of time Effects ✔✔slowed reaction time, altered perception, panic, anxiety, dizziness, increased respiration, heart rate and body temp, red eyes, mild dilation of pupils, tremors, decreased coordination, anxiety, probl with memory and possible hallucinations