LPA: Midterm Exam

LPA: Midterm Exam How does the term "Latino" group people together? - ✔✔Group of people tied together by language,cultural values and practices,similar histories in the U.S. and lastly public policies. What is Latino ...

LPA: Midterm Exam How does the term "Latino" group people together? - ✔✔Group of people tied together by language,cultural values and practices,similar histories in the U.S. and lastly public policies. What is Latino consciousness? - ✔✔Three components: ---Group identification as a Latinx ---An assessment of Latinx's group status in American society ---Orientation toward collective action on behalf of the Latinx community If Latinxs have those 3 components, they are more engaged politically and civically. Anti-immigration/"nativity" attitudes are good motivation for political activity. ------------ Latinxs know someone who is or is undocumented Latinas have higher rates of advocating for the maintenance of "Latino cultural practices" (voting issues, seeking naturalization, and not identifying as "American") Group consciousness + ethnic group-specific consciousness = strengthens sense community and motivates people to act/address needs, concerns, and conditions of Latinos. What is pan-ethnicity? - ✔✔Putting people from different ethnic backgrounds into a race that serves a political purpose / using broader terms. What are the causes of migration? - ✔✔For latinos the cause of migration is because they think they can get better opportunity in America due to the fact that they are trying to escape drug cartels and wars in their countries. When did Central (including Salvadorans and Guatemalans) and South Americans begin coming to the U.S. in large part? - ✔✔Late 1800's to early 1900's ---Industries [like cigar/munitions factories, sugar cane, other agricultural product processing, and shipyards] were venues for early labor market relations for Central/South Americans + the U.S. ------------ mid-1970's ---Central/South Americans are more widely distributed ------------ 1990's (in large part, the majority) ---Fleeing civil wars Why was the term "Chicano" created? - ✔✔Distinguishing in-group and out-group contexts (specific label preferences). ---Reflects: class, national origin, nativity, racial identification, cultural identification, nd language uses ------------ ---Chicano: politically charged - political orientations and ideologies Radical political ideology (social change and justice) Opportunity costs - ✔✔Meaning: Having to do things other than voting. Declining social and political trust, cynicism, and decline in community Participation is "individually driven." Voting requires: skill, monies, knowledge and self-confidence (believing you can change the government) Group consciousness - ✔✔Meaning: The cognitive elements of group attachment; a person incorporates group identity(ies) as part of his or her social identity. The idea of finding cultural affinity (a spontaneous or natural liking or sympathy for someone or something) and attaching to it. Individuals with group consciousness have positive affinity for being Latino (they assess their group as experiencing lower levels of SES & political status & opportunities; inclined to participate; ex. - Mexican immigrant who identifies as 'Mexican' and 'Latinx') Main components: ---Group identification as a Latinx ---An assessment of Latinx's group status in American society ---Orientation toward collective action on behalf of the Latinx community ------------ Having coexisting identities that affect our daily lives and situations. "Pan-ethnicity" Purpose: place more Latinos into political arena Poverty of Latinos relative to other groups - ✔✔Occupational location: ---Influenced by nativity (U.S.-born Latinxs: fare better occupationally than foreign-born counterparts) ---All Latinxs in labor-force market contribute: more to Social Security system, will play a greater role in composition of the workforce, and more human resource labor force mobility. ---Important job issues for Latinxs: job mobility, job training and educational preparation, labor market discrimination, and entrpreneurship. ------------ Larger size in families for Latinos Native to foreign-born Latinx: 16:1 16% of Latinx fams make less than $10,000 Poverty affects socioeconomic mobility, political engagement, and participation in organizational engagement. Common interest (linkage of family economic status) U.S.-born Latinx: $35,000 ; foreign-birn: $27,000 Community building - ✔✔Latino Identity: ---Common language, interrelated traditions and values, similar experiences (discrimination, minority status, SES status=unequal opportunities) ------------ Common identity but different: ---Puerto Ricans: naturalized citizens ---Cubans: refugees ---Central Americans: economic migrants ------------ Latino Consciousness: ---Ideological - interrelatedness among other Latinx subgroups ---Pragmatic - wanting to expand Latinx community Panethnicity, positive affinity, Latino vs. Hispanic Which Latino subgroup is more likely to consider themselves "typically American?" - ✔✔Puerto Ricans Which Latino subgroup is most likely to consider themselves, "different from the typical American?" - ✔✔Central Americans Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - ✔✔The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. In Latino Americans, what point was made about New Mexicans? - ✔✔Conflicted identitiesPeople got conflicted whether they were texan , Mexican or America. ------------ Gold Rush-first point of discrimination "latinos" are seen as greasers,dirty,dangerous people and 300 are lynched Political elites and activists - ✔✔Translate and interpret political and social necessities and realities How are Cubans different? - ✔✔Cubans are treated different because most go to Florida and get treated well and have an easier path to citizenship. Political capital - ✔✔---using group to strengthen their power in politics ---enhanced with the appearance of cohesion and unity ---present to legislatures Political participation - ✔✔---Not citizens ---Not interested ---Too complicated ---Distrust gov ---Not informed ---Discouraged Positive affinity - ✔✔Individuals with group consciousness have a positive affinity for being latino When do communities bind? - ✔✔---People are tied together naturally by common heritage. ---Ancestry•Language ---Religion ---Observation of holidays and festivals ---Familial networks ------------ Through the common language aka Spanish, also cultural traditions and values. The communities bind together when they are label all together as Latinos, this happens when they fill out paperwork(ex. Census) and given the option Latino, they can also be bonded together when they face the same discriminatory issues. What is the status of the various Latino subgroups (are they citizens)? - ✔✔In the 2014 US Hispanic Population Research, there was 55 million Hispanics in the United States. ---For Mexicans , there is 35 million in the US, but only 23 million are US born. ---For Puerto Ricans, there is 5.3 million and 5.2 million who are citizens. ---For Cubans, 860k out of 2million are US Born. ---For Dominican, about 804k out of 1.7 million are US Born. Targeted mobilization - ✔✔They target the white people. involves identifying persons who, when contacted, are most likely to respond to calls for involvement How do Latinos work together to achieve goals? - ✔✔Latinos work together by participating in political events. Social identity - ✔✔Common language Interrelated cultural traditions and values Similar experiences Discrimination Relegation to minority status SES status = unequal opportunities How does a community thrive? - ✔✔The latino community thrives when they participate in local and political events, by showing representation for the Latino community they threaten the mayority. Leadership in the Latino community - ✔✔A leader right now is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a House Representative for the New York Bronx area What do the terms "Hispanic" and "Latino" do in terms of they aggregate (form or group into a class or cluster.) subgroups? - ✔✔A product of external forces trying to simplify and homogenize a diverse aggregation of Latino subgroups. The term "Latino" is used as a form of pan-ethnicity. ---Attempting to share cultural traditions, situations, and practices.