Sociology C120 Quiz 1

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Sociology C120 Quiz 1 It is difficult to generalize about the older population because - ✔✔b. the older population is tremendously diverse. Demands that the social and physical environment plac ... e on the individual are known as a. environmental congruence. b. environmental press. c. transactions. d. dynamic interactions. - ✔✔b. environmental press The maximum lifespan, 120 years for humans, has increased significantly since 1900. a. true b. false - ✔✔a. true The segment of our society that is most rapidly increasing in numbers is: a. teenagers. b. those 50-65 years old. c. those 65-75 years old. d. those 85+ years old. - ✔✔d. those 85+ years old. In order to understand age changes rather than age differences, it is necessary to conduct a. longitudinal research. b. cross sectional research. c. cross-cultural research. d. long-lasting studies of different ethnic groups. - ✔✔b. cross sectional research. Traditional societies, or pre-modern societies, were characterzied by... a. veneration toward elders. b. considerable affection or love for elders. c. low status of elders. d. frequent interaction between young and old. e. none of the above. - ✔✔e. none of the above. According to modernization theory, old age becomes more venerated in society as the culture becomes more modern. a. true b. false - ✔✔b. false According to the free radical theory, the aging process may be slowed down with the ingestion of a. Vitamin A. b. Vitamin E. c. Vitamin D. d. Lecithin. - ✔✔b. Vitamin E. All of the following changes occur in body composition with advancing age except a. an increase in the proportion of fat. b. an increase in fibrous material. c. an increase in the sodium/potassium ratio. d. an increase in the proportion of water. - ✔✔d. an increase in the proportion of water. Physical training among sedentary older persons has been shown to result in a. increased death rates. b. significant reductions in cholesterol levels. c. reduced volume of oxygen used. d. significant increases in aerobic capacity. - ✔✔b. significant reductions in cholesterol levels Glaucoma results in increased problems with _______________; whereas, macular degeneration impairs _______________. a. peripheral vision/central vision b. central vision/peripheral vision c. accommodation/acuity d. color perception/discrimination - ✔✔a. peripheral vision/central vision Sleep patterns remain constant throughout the life span. a. true b. false - ✔✔b. false Most older people adjust their perceptions of health in response to the aging process. So most older adults rate their own health ________ as compared with other elders. a. positively b. negatively c. neutrally d. apathetically - ✔✔b. negatively About 80% of chronic illnesses that afflict older adults may be related to social, environmental and behavioral factors, especially poor health habits. a. true b. false - ✔✔a. true As people age a. the incidence of acute diseases increases. b. the incidence of chronic conditions increases. c. older men are more likely than older women to develop chronic diseases. d. functional health declines significantly. - ✔✔b. the incidence of chronic conditions increases. Studies of primary memory and secondary memory in older people have found a. they can recall less than 4 pieces of information. b. age differences in secondary memory are more pronounced than in primary memory. c. they can recall 7 + 2 pieces of information. d. much better short-term recall than long-term recall. - ✔✔b. age differences in secondary memory are more pronounced than in primary memory. The Classical Aging Pattern showed that people beyond 65 a. had major declines in all areas of intelligence b. performed worse in areas of fluid intelligence c. performed worse in areas of crystal intelligence d. none of the above - ✔✔b. performed worse in areas of fluid intelligence New information that first enters a short-term memory store for a few tenths of a second is known as a. secondary memory. b. spatial memory. c. iconic memory. d. sensory memory. - ✔✔d. sensory memory Studies of learning conditions have found that older persons recall newly learned information best a. when given opportunity to guess. b. under timed learning situations. c. under self-paced conditions. d. in tests of paired associates. - ✔✔c. under self-paced conditions. Most people experience major personality shifts as they age. a. true b. false - ✔✔b. false Coping styles are commonly categorized as: a. leisure oriented vs. work oriented b. problem focused vs. emotion focused c. escapist vs. fantasy focused d. seeking vs. inhibiting styles - ✔✔b. problem focused vs. emotion focused The early research on sexuality of older adults was limited in all of the following ways except a. emphasis on frequency of sexual intercourse. b. non representative nature of samples. c. comparisons of younger and older cohorts. d. longitudinal research designs. - ✔✔a. emphasis on frequency of sexual intercourse Which of the following physiological conditions are related to the decrease in estrogen in menopausal and postmenopausal women? a. hot flashes b. urogenital atrophy c. bone changes d. all of the above - ✔✔d. all of the above Which of the following conditions are common causes of impotence in older males? a. hypertension b. diabetes c. arthritis d. a and b - ✔✔d. a and b Compared to their male counterparts, older women's health status is characterized as follows, they a. are less likely to face chronic conditions. b. are less likely to face life-threatening, high-risk conditions. c. experience fewer days of restricted activity and disability. d. are less likely to take curative action when they are ill. - ✔✔b. are less likely to face lifethreatening, high-risk conditions. 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